Neuroanatomy Flashcards

Be able to name the major brain regions (by lobe, gyrus and Brodmann area) and describe their primary functions. Be able to relate pathology of cortical and subcortical regions to nueropsychiatric syndromes. Be able to cite sources of pathology (excitotoxicity, stroke, neurodegeneration) resulting in commonly encountered syndromes.

1
Q

coverage area of Middle cerebral artery (MCA)

A

most of lateral brain

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2
Q

coverage area of Anterior cerebral artery (ACA)

A

most of mid-line brain

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3
Q

coverage area of Posterior cerebral artery

A

most of posterior brain and midline temporal/occipital lobes

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4
Q

deficit caused from lesion in one optic nerve

A

ipsilateral total field cut

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5
Q

deficit caused by lesion of optic chiasma

A

bitemporal hemianopsia

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6
Q

deficit casued by lesion of lateral geniculate body

A

bilateral hemianopsia

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7
Q

deficit caused by primary visual area

A

bilateral hemianopsia with macular sparing

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8
Q

the “where” pathway

A

dorsal (toward parietal)

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9
Q

the “what” pathway

A

“ventrall (toward ventral)

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10
Q

primary visual region

A

calcarine (17)

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11
Q

visual motion, esp moving pictures,patterns and shapes

A

cuneus (17,18,19)

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12
Q

visual biological motion

A

precuneus (18,19)

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13
Q

visual shape recognition and letters

A

lingual (18,19)

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14
Q

face recognition and color/word/catagory processing

A

fusiform (37)

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15
Q

primary motor area

A

pre central gyrus (4)

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16
Q

primary sensory area

A

post central gyrus (1,2,3)

17
Q

body location in space

A

Supra-marginal gyrus (40)

18
Q

primary auditory cortex

A

tranverse temporal (41)

19
Q

speech comprehension

A

wernicke’s area (22)

20
Q

speech production

A

broca’s area (44,45)

21
Q

broca’s and wernicke’s area are predominatly in the ___ hemisphere

A

left (50% of lefties it’s in the right)

22
Q

broca’s aphasia type

A

expressive (broken fragmented speech)

23
Q

wernike;s aphasia type

A

receptive (fluent but non-sensical - “wild”)

24
Q

lesion resulting in global aphasia

A

“Left-sided blowout” of MCA

25
lesion resulting in anomia (diffuculty naming objects)
temporal damage
26
lesion producting alexia with agraphia
left angular gyrus
27
lesion producting alexia WITHOUT agraphia
lingal gyrus
28
lesion producing hemispatial neglect
superior parietal or supramarginal gyrus
29
lesion producing anmesia
hippocampus
30
sx of korsakoff's syndrome
amnesia, confabulation, poor insight, apathy
31
cause of korsakoff's syndrome
damage to mammillary bodies from EtOH abuse, B12 deficiency
32
sx of kluver-bucy syndrome
hyperphagia, hyperorality, hypersexuality, fearlessness, agnosia
33
cause of kluver-bucy syndomre
bilateral amygdala syndrome
34
area for planning and working memory
superior Frontal
35
area for motivation and self-control
inferior frontal
36
primitive reflex indicates damage to_____
superior frontal lobes
37
Stroop color-word test tests
anteroir cingulate and DLPFC
38
controls conflict monitoring
cingulate cortex