Neuroanatomy Flashcards
Be able to name the major brain regions (by lobe, gyrus and Brodmann area) and describe their primary functions. Be able to relate pathology of cortical and subcortical regions to nueropsychiatric syndromes. Be able to cite sources of pathology (excitotoxicity, stroke, neurodegeneration) resulting in commonly encountered syndromes.
coverage area of Middle cerebral artery (MCA)
most of lateral brain
coverage area of Anterior cerebral artery (ACA)
most of mid-line brain
coverage area of Posterior cerebral artery
most of posterior brain and midline temporal/occipital lobes
deficit caused from lesion in one optic nerve
ipsilateral total field cut
deficit caused by lesion of optic chiasma
bitemporal hemianopsia
deficit casued by lesion of lateral geniculate body
bilateral hemianopsia
deficit caused by primary visual area
bilateral hemianopsia with macular sparing
the “where” pathway
dorsal (toward parietal)
the “what” pathway
“ventrall (toward ventral)
primary visual region
calcarine (17)
visual motion, esp moving pictures,patterns and shapes
cuneus (17,18,19)
visual biological motion
precuneus (18,19)
visual shape recognition and letters
lingual (18,19)
face recognition and color/word/catagory processing
fusiform (37)
primary motor area
pre central gyrus (4)
primary sensory area
post central gyrus (1,2,3)
body location in space
Supra-marginal gyrus (40)
primary auditory cortex
tranverse temporal (41)
speech comprehension
wernicke’s area (22)
speech production
broca’s area (44,45)
broca’s and wernicke’s area are predominatly in the ___ hemisphere
left (50% of lefties it’s in the right)
broca’s aphasia type
expressive (broken fragmented speech)
wernike;s aphasia type
receptive (fluent but non-sensical - “wild”)
lesion resulting in global aphasia
“Left-sided blowout” of MCA
lesion resulting in anomia (diffuculty naming objects)
temporal damage
lesion producting alexia with agraphia
left angular gyrus
lesion producting alexia WITHOUT agraphia
lingal gyrus
lesion producing hemispatial neglect
superior parietal or supramarginal gyrus
lesion producing anmesia
hippocampus
sx of korsakoff’s syndrome
amnesia, confabulation, poor insight, apathy
cause of korsakoff’s syndrome
damage to mammillary bodies from EtOH abuse, B12 deficiency
sx of kluver-bucy syndrome
hyperphagia, hyperorality, hypersexuality, fearlessness, agnosia
cause of kluver-bucy syndomre
bilateral amygdala syndrome
area for planning and working memory
superior Frontal
area for motivation and self-control
inferior frontal
primitive reflex indicates damage to_____
superior frontal lobes
Stroop color-word test tests
anteroir cingulate and DLPFC
controls conflict monitoring
cingulate cortex
