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CNS I > path - trauma/peds.congenital > Flashcards

path - trauma/peds.congenital Flashcards

1. Describe the different patterns of intracranial hemorrhage, their mechanisms of development and their clinical presentation and significance: Subdural, Epidural, Contusion 2. Compare and contrast brain injury causes and patterns: Diffuse brain injury, Traumatic axonal injury, Concussion 3. Classify the congenital malformations based on the anatomic patterns and define the associated syndromes: Anencephaly, Dandy-Walker Malformation, Chiari malformation, Neural tube closure defects,

1
Q

injury type where cerebral cell bodies are shrunken, stained red by eosin

A

acute hypoxic, ischemic

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2
Q

injury that shows as swelling of the neuronal cell body and peripheral dispersal of nissal substance

A

axonal injury

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3
Q

mechanical cause of a brain contusion

A

rapid tissue displacement, disruption of vascular channels and subsequent hemorrhage, tissue injury and edema

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4
Q

part of the the brain most suceptible to contusion

A

crests of the gyri

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5
Q

morphological evidence of brain contusion

A

nuclear pyknosis, cytoplasmic eosinophila, cellular disintegration

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6
Q

time for cellular changes in brain contusion

A

24 hours

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7
Q

signs of old brain contusions

A

depressed, retracted, yellow brown patches. gliosis and old

macrophages

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8
Q

mechanical cause of diffuse axonal injury

A

angular acceleration, even without impact

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9
Q

most common sites of diffuse axonal injury

A

near angles of lateral ventricles and brain stem

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10
Q

reversible altered conciousness from hed injury with lack of contusion

A

concussion

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11
Q

charecteristic neurological dysfcunction from concussion

A

loss of conciousness, temporary respiratory arrest and loss of reflexes

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12
Q

common vessel causing epidural hematoma

A

middle meningeal

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13
Q

common cause of epidural hematoma

A

skull fractures

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14
Q

clinical presentation of epidural hematoma

A

lucid at first, then sudden neurological decline

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15
Q

common cause of subdural hematoma

A

rapid movement of the brain during trauma tears bridging veins

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16
Q

why are elderly predisposed to subdural hematoma

A

in pts with brain atropy, bridging veins are more stretched out, leading to additional space for brain to move

17
Q

clinical sx of subdural hematoma

A

can show within 48 hours, non localizing headache, confusion, slowly progressive neurological deterioration

18
Q

maternal screening for _____ can be used for early detection of neural tube defects

A

alpha-fetoprotein

19
Q

most common type of congenital CNS malformation

A

neural tube defects

20
Q

neural tube defect most commonly found in lumbosacral region

A

myelomeningocele

21
Q

neural tube malformation leading to the absence of the brain and top the skull

A

anencephaly

22
Q

diverticulum od malformed CNS tissue extending through region of posterior fossa

A

encephalocele

23
Q

small posterior fossa with misshapen midline cerebellum and diwnward extension of the vermis through the foramen magnum

A

arnold-chairi malformation

24
Q

associated defects in arnold-chairi

A

hydrocephalus and lumber myelomeningocele

25
Q

missing cerebellar tissue wih enlarged postier fossa, absence of vermis and latge midline cyst

A

dandy-walker

26
Q

accumulation of excessive CSF within the ventricular system

A

hydrocephalus

27
Q

most common mechanical cause of hydrocephalus

A

failure of resorption or impaired flow

28
Q

noncommunication hydrocephalus cause

A

localized obstacle to CSF flow that causes only a portion of the ventricles to enlarge

29
Q

site of most common blockage in noncommicating hydrocephalus

A

foramen of Monroe or mass conpressing cerebral aqueduct

30
Q

characteristics of cerebral palsy

A

spasticity, dystonia, ataxia, athetosis, paresis

31
Q

cause of cerebral palsy

A

injury occuring during pre/perinatal periods

32
Q

major types of injury causing cerebral palsy

A

hemorrhage and infarct

33
Q

large cystic lesions through the brain hemispheres in preinatal injury

A

multicystic encephalopathy

34
Q

infarcts may occur in the supratentorial periventricular white matter

A

periventricular leukomalacia

CNS I (36 decks)

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