Meningitis Flashcards
Identify the major causes of bacterial meningitis. Diagnose bacterial meningitis from clinical presentation and lab findings. Advise pregnant women about how to avoid congenital toxoplasmosis. Diagnose amoebic meningoencephalitis from history and lab findings.
4 virulence factors for N. Menigititidis
1) polysaccaride capsule
2) pili adhere to mucosal cells
3) OUter membrane
4) IgA protease
what in the N. Menigititidis makes it so virulent
lipooligosaccharide (LOS)
what condition does LOS toxicity lead to
DIC possibly leading to waterhouse-friderichsen syndrome
positive blood culture with clinical presentation of upper resp infection with transient fever and malaise lasting 1-2 days
bacteremia
positive blod culture, generalized malaise, sepsis and rash
mengiococcemia
clincal sx of meningitis
severe headache, fever, cloudy CSF and menigitis signs
2 clinical signs of menigitis
brudzinski sign, kernig sign
brudzingi sign
cervival rigidity (legs come up with the neck)
kernig sign
hamstring spasm
time petichiae occur
1-3 days after onset of sx
Define Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome
acute adrenal insuffinciency from DIC resulting from overwhelming infection
sx of Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome
abrupt high fever, chills, myalgias, n/v headache and widespread skin lesions
death from Waterhouse-Friderichsen occurs from
pulmonary insuffciency
morphology of N. menigititidis
gram negative diplococci
difinitive diagnosis of N menigititidis
oxidase and chocolate agar positive
most common cause of menigitis in infants
s pneumoniae
most common cause of menigitis in non-infants
N. menigitis
% of population consodered carriers of N menigitidis
5-10%
serogroup accounting for majority of cases in US
B
will the US menigitis vaccine cover serotype B?
no
definitive host of toxoplasma gondii
cat
animal where gut cycle of toxplasma occurs
cat
life cycle stage of toxoplasma that is infectious to animals and humans
oocytes
life cycle of toxoplasma that causes clinical disease
tachyzoites
acute sx of toxoplasmosis
lymphadenopathy, muscle pains, malasise and low fever (resembles mono)
severe sx of toxoplasmosis
severe acute hepitits, encephamyelitis, myocarditis
severe symptom and diagnostic sign of toxoplasmosis
chorioretinitis
common sign of toxoplasmosis in newborns
chorioretinitis
cause of primary amoebic meningoenchepalitis
naegleria fowleri
resevoir of N fowleri
soil and warm fresh water
method of infection of N fowleri
water in the nose and through the cribiform plate
meningoenchepalitis sx
severe frontal headache, lethargy, and fever progressing to confusion, convulsions, coma and death
diagnosis of N fowleri
amobae in purulent CSF
amebic infection in the eye
acathamoeba
causes chronic granulomatous encephalitis
acanthamoeba
