Pneumonia Flashcards
What is another name for pneumonia?
Pneumonitis
Brief introduction to pneumonia:
- Inflm of the lung parenchyma
- Usually microbial (bacterial) but may be due to other
agents
There are 2 different classifications of pneumonia:
- Infectious
- Non-infectious
What are the 3 categories of infectious pneumonias?
- Community acquired
- Nosocomial
- Pneumococcal is the most common
Et of pneumonia:
- Several microbes
- Usually bacterial
- Noxious fumes (toxic pneumonia)
- Gastric contents (aspiration pneumonia)
What is the most common microbe that causes pneumonia?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
What makes up the mucociliary blanket?
- Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
- Layer of mucus secreted by gauntlet cells
T or F:
The cilia beat in the same direction of the air entering the respiratory tract
F, they beat in the opposite direction
In order for microbes to enter the respiratory tract, what must happen first?
There must be a disturbance to the mucociliary blanket
How does gas exchange become impaired in pneumonia?
Microbes enter -> inflm -> purulent exudate -> pulmonary edema -> impaired gas exchange
What compromises the volume for air and diffusion distance in the alveoli?
This becomes compromised when the film of fluid along the surface of the cell in the alveoli (which exists normally in alveoli but very thin) becomes thicker and more fluid accumulates.
What are the 4 stages of pneumococcal pneumonia?
- Edema
- Red hepatization
- Grey hepatization
- Resolution
What causes the edema stage to occur?
Something about polymorphal nuclio leukocyte ??
What causes the red hepatization stage to occur?
Capillary congestion -> hyperemia, vasodilation, exudate, etc
- This causes the lungs to become heavy and red colored, resembling the liver
What happens in the grey hepatization stage?
Phagocytosis occurs, lung appears firm like the liver in cirrhosis.
