Cervical Cancer

Question 1

What is the cause of cervical cancer?

Answer 1

Human papillomavirus

Question 2

How the cervical cancer be avoided?

Answer 2

Avoid high risk sexual practices

- eg: multiple partners, early age sex

Question 3

2 risks for cervical cancer, not including sex:

Answer 3

• Hx of STDs

- Smoking

Question 4

What is the vaccine for human papillomavirus? How many doses? How long is this good for?

Answer 4

Gardacil

• 3 doses
  
  • 1st one
  • 2nd one 2 months later
  • 3rd one 6 months later
• Good for about 5 years

Question 5

Explain the progression of cervical cancer, starting with preCA cells:

Answer 5

PreCA dysplasia -> Carcinoma in situ -> Invasive tumor

Question 6

What does CIN stand for? What are the CIN stages of cervical cancer?

Answer 6

• Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
• CIN 1 = mild dysplasia (LSIL)
• CIN 2 = moderate dysplasia (HSIL)
• CIN 3 = Severe and carcinoma in situ (HSIL)

Question 7

What are the Dx for cervical cancer?

2

Answer 7

• PAP smear (screen)
  - Georgios Papanikolaou created this staining
  technique
• Colposcopy (scope up vag)

Question 8

What are the mnfts of cervical cancer?

4

Answer 8

• Vaginal discharge
• Metorrhagia (late mnft)
  
  • Uterine bleeding at irregular intervals, particularly
    between the expected menstrual periods
• More frequent menses
• Lower back/pelvic pain (late mnft)

Question 9

What is the Tx for cervical cancer?

7

Answer 9

• 100% curable in situ
• Early: Excision
• Invasive: Radiation and surgery
• Loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP)
• Cryosurgery
  
  • Necrosis via freezing
• Conisation
  
  • Remove “cone”
• Laser
• Radical hysterectomy