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Bio 253 > Integumentary Disorders > Flashcards

Integumentary Disorders Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is cellulitis?

A

A bacterial infection with associated inflm in the deeper dermis & subcutaneous layer

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2
Q

Which 2 bacteria are usually responsible for cellulitis?

A
  • β hemolytic strep

- Staph aureus

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3
Q

Where in the body can staphylococcus aureus be found?

A

Present in small numbers on the skin & in the nasal passages of some individuals

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4
Q

What are 2 risks for cellulitis? Why?

A
  • Existing dermal lesions (e.g.ulcers) pose a risk as they allow microbe entry
  • Elderly & immunocompromised persons are at higher risk
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5
Q

Which areas are most affected by cellulitis

A

Affected areas are mostly the legs, hand & ears

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6
Q

Why do microbes spreads easily through the subcutaneous layer?

A

Due to loosely packed tissue

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7
Q

In cellulitis, is subsequent lymphatic entry also possible?

A

Yes

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8
Q

T or F:

Cellulitis is not a recurrent infct

A

F, recurrence is a major problem, especially for those at higher risk

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9
Q

Mnfts of cellulitis:

4

A
  • Painful lesions at the affected site
  • Erythema
  • Edema
  • Fever
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10
Q

Complications of cellulitis:

4

A
  • Sepsis
  • Gangrene
  • Lymphangitis (inflm of lymphatic vessels)
  • Abscesses
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11
Q

What is the Tx of cellulitis?

A

Abx!

- PO for mild cases, IV for severe

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12
Q

What is Psoriasis?

A

A complex, chronic, inflm skin disorder characterized by an abnormal rate of epidermal cell turn over with stacking of cells on the skin surface due to non-shedding of cells

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13
Q

What are the peak ages of onset for psoriasis?

2

A
  • 16-22

- 57-60

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14
Q

What is the Et of psoriasis?

A

largely idiopathic with genetic predisposition (~30%) & an autoimmune basis

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15
Q

What is psoriasis believed to be initiated by?

A

Skin trauma

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16
Q

How do T cells contribute to psoriasis?

A
  • Altered T cell response to an unknown Ag, suggested to lead to an accelerated epidermal cell cycle
  • Mediators from activated T cells cause abnormal growth of keratinocytes & blood vessels
17
Q

What is the length of a normal cell cycle? How does this change with psoriasis? What does this result in?

A
  • Normal cycle length is ~1 m, in psoriasis it is 3-4 days
  • Cells are improperly differentiated and instead of shedding, they stack on the surface of the skin forming scaly patches
18
Q

What is hyperkeratosis?

A

Describes how the epidermis thickens in affected areas

19
Q

What is psoriasis exacerbated by?

4

A
  • Stress
  • Trauma
  • Infect
  • Drugs
20
Q

What is the koebner phenomenon

A

Areas of the skin previously unaffected with psoriatic lesions present with isomorphic (similar in appearance) lesions following trauma to the site

21
Q

What are some mnfts for psoriasis?

A
  • Psoriatic patches appear in varying locations
    • Often knees, elbows, sacral region, and scalp
  • ~30-50% of patients present with nail dystrophy & pitting due to abnormal amount of keratin
  • In later stages of disease, psoriatic arthritis develops in distal joint
22
Q

What topical treatments are used for psoriasis? Explain why.

A
  • Salicylic acid
    • Softens & removes lesions
  • Coal tar
    • Unknown action
  • Anthralin
    • Modulates keratinocytes & T cells
  • Steroids
    • Anti-inflammatory, immunomodulary
  • Retinoids
    • Anti-inflm & regulation of T cells?
23
Q

What drugs are used to treat psoriasis? Explain why.

A
  • Methotrexate
    • Immunomodulatory drug that inhibits the
      action of folic acid, which is involved in DNA
      replication and cell division, results in decreased
      turnover of keratinocytes and T cells
  • Cyclosporine
    • Immunosuppressive
  • Biologic agents
    • e.g. TNF is a cytokine that causes tumor regression
      and apoptosis; its action here is unclear
  • Phototherapy
    • Ultraviolet B decreases rate of cell proliferation

Bio 253 (44 decks)

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