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Bio 253 > Hepatitis > Flashcards

Hepatitis Flashcards

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1
Q

What is hepatitis?

A

Severe liver inflm

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2
Q

3 possible causes of hepatitis:

A
  1. Microbes
  2. Hepatotoxic drugs
  3. Autoimmunity
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3
Q

What specific type of microbe is usually the cause of hepatitis?

A

Viral

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4
Q

What are the most common forms of hepatitis?

A

A, B, and C

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5
Q

Out of A, B, and C, which is the worst form of hepatitis?

A

C

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6
Q

The mnfts of the hepatitis’ are similar, but what aspects are different?

A
  • Virus
  • Transmission
  • Incubation period
  • Severity
  • Carrier state
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7
Q

Describe hepatitis A

4

A
  • Mild, acute form
  • Mode of transmission: oral-fecal
  • Lasts ~1 month
  • Anti-HAV Abs
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8
Q

Describe hepatitis B:

5

A
  • More severe
  • ~10-15% chronic
  • Mode of transmission: blood, bodily fluids, oral, sexual
  • Carrier state
  • Anti-HBs, anti-HBc, and anti-HBe Abs
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9
Q

Where are anti-HBs, anti-HBc, and anti-HBe Abs found?

A

HBs - On the surface of the virus
HBc - At the core of the virus
HBe - On the envelope of the virus

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10
Q

Describe hepatitis C:

A
  • ~80% chronic
  • Can be contracted via blood and blood products, IV
    drugs, and high risk sexual practices
  • Carrier state
  • Anti-HCV Abs
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11
Q

What is a another liver issue which may arise as a complication of hepatitis B?

A

Cirrhosis

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12
Q

What are 2 another liver issues which may arise as complications of hepatitis C?

A
  • Cirrhosis

- Liver CA

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13
Q

What are the 2 mechanisms involved in hepatitis that result in cell necrosis?

A
  1. Viral injury -> cell necrosis
  2. The immune response causes inflm -> tissue damage
    • > cell necrosis
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14
Q

What structures in the liver are damaged by hepatitis?

A
  • Hepatocytes
  • Vasculature
  • Ducts
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15
Q

What is the role of the hepatocytes?

A

They are the functional cells of the liver

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16
Q

Approximately how long does it take to heal from hepatitis?

A

~4 months

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17
Q

What are the 3 phases of hepatitis?

A
  1. Prodromal
  2. Clinical
  3. Recovery
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18
Q

What mnfts accompany the prodromal stage of hepatitis?

6

A
  • Lethargy
  • Myalgia
  • Fever
  • Abdm pain
  • Anorexia
  • Nausea/vomiting
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19
Q

Is the nausea/vomiting in hepatitis a systemic or local mnft?

A

Local

20
Q

What is myalgia?

A

Pain in a muscle or group of muscles

21
Q

When does the clinical stage begin?

A

About 5-10 days after the prodromal stage

22
Q

What mnfts accompany the clinical stage of hepatitis?

3

A
  • Earlier mnfts worsen
  • Hepatomegaly
  • Jaundice
  • Pruritus
23
Q

What is the hepatomegaly in hepatitis due to?

A

Inflm and swelling

24
Q

What is the pruritus in hepatitis due to?

A

The deposition of bile salts in the skin

25
Q

How long does the recovery stage of hepatitis last?

A

Acute mnfts should subside in about 3 weeks, full recovery in 16 weeks

26
Q

What is used as Dx tools for hepatitis?

A
  • Serology (looking for mnfts)

- Viral testing

27
Q

Which of the hepatitis’ is self limiting?

A

Hepatitis A

28
Q

Why are pts with hepatitis put on bed rest?

A

To indirectly rest their liver

29
Q

What is done to directly rest the liver when a pts has hepatitis?

A
  • NO alcohol

- NO hepatotoxic drugs

30
Q

T or F:

You can be vaccinated in order to avoid contracting any forms of hepatitis

A

F, you can be vaccinated from A and , but not from C

31
Q

What Tx for hepatitis C has had a success rate of 95% of pts being cured?

A

A new direct acting antiviral (DAA)

32
Q

Is autoimmune hepatitis a classic or non-classic form of autoimmunity?

A

Classic

33
Q

T or F:

Autoimmune hepatitis is a mild, but chronic form of hepatitis

A

F, it is a severe and chronic form

34
Q

In autoimmune hepatitis, there is a mutation on the HLA gene located on which chromosome?

A

6

35
Q

What are 2 triggers for autoimmune hepatitis?

A
  1. Environmental triggers

2. Chemical triggers

36
Q

Describe type 1 of autoimmune hepatitis:

A
  • ~80% in women age 40 and under
    • 1/3 have pre-existing autoimmune disorders
  • AutoAbs
    • Anti-nuclear Abs and anti-smooth muscle Abs
37
Q

What is targeted by an anti-nuclear Ab?

A

Anything with a nucleus

38
Q

What is targeted by an anti-smooth muscle Ab?

A

Smooth muscle
- eg in the blood vessels and ducts in the liver
(pro tip: if you replace “ducts” with “ducks”, and imagine a bunch of ducks running around the liver, these disorders are a lot more enjoyable)

39
Q

T or F:

Type 2 of the autoimmune hepatitis is less common than type 1

A

T

40
Q

What age group is generally affected by autoimmune hepatitis type 2?

A

2 - 14 year olds

41
Q

What are the Abs in autoimmune hepatitis type 2 targeting?

A

Cytosol and microsomes

42
Q

What is cytosol?

A

The aqueous component of the cytoplasm of a cell that the organelles and particles are suspended in

43
Q

What are microsomes?

A

A fragment of endoplasmic reticulum and attached ribosomes obtained by the centrifugation of homogenized cells.

44
Q

What are the mnfts of autoimmune hepatitis?

A
  • Varying severity

- Asymptomatic to liver failure

45
Q

What is the Tx for autoimmune hepatitis?

A
  • Immunosuppressants

- Transplant ??

Bio 253 (44 decks)

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