Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Flashcards
Quick overview of the prostate:
7
- Surrounds the urethra
- Located directly inferior to the bladder
- Accessory organ
- Encapsulated
- Neoplasia is common
- In contact with the rectum
- Exocrine gland
- Secretes prostatic fluid
What is the most common reproductive disorder in men?
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Enlargement of the prostate is _____ and begins ____________.
- Slow
- Periurethral
T or F:
Benign prostatic hyperplasia occur with, but not due to, ageing.
T
- Above 40yrs ~20%
- Above 60yrs ~50%
- Above 80yrs ~90%
What is the Et of benign prostatic hyperplasia?
- Unclear
- # 1 risk is ageing
- Hormonal factors
- Genetics
- Race
- Africans have high risk
- Japanese have low risk, may r/t yellow veggie diet
- Diet
- High yellow vegetable content in diet decrease risk
How is testosterone converted to dihydro-testosterone?
By 5alpha-reductase in the prostate
What is the role of dihydro-testosterone is normal prostate Fx?
Supports growths, development, and Fx of the prostate
In order for dihydro-testosterone to have an effect on the prostate, what must happen first?
The prostate cells must be sensitized by estrogen
T or F:
Testosterone and estrogen levels decrease significantly with age.
F, the testosterone decreases but estrogen remains relatively the same
With age there is a relative increase in estrogen due to the decrease of testosterone, how does this contribute to benign prostatic hyperplasia?
The estrogen begins to oversensitize the prostatic cells to dihydro-testosterone, this contributes to the excessive growth and proliferation of cells
How does prostatic IGF contribute to benign prostatic hyperplasia?
I don’t know…it just does somehow…
How is urine flow impeded by benign prostatic hyperplasia?
The prostate directly impacts flow because the hyperplasia begins around the urethra and occupies some of its space. Does the hypertrophy of the smooth muscle in ducts somehow relate to this too?
Impeded urine flow as a result of benign prostatic hyperplasia may result in urinary retention, if it does, how might this affect the bladder?
Causes structure changes in the bladder:
- Bladder wall thickens to prevent rupture
- Bladder develops trabeculations and diverticula to
increase capacity
What happen to the ureters and the kidneys as a result of urinary retention?
- Hydroureter: distended ureters
- Pressure is highest where ureters and bladder attach
- “fish hook” ureters
- Hydronephrosis: distention of renal pelvis and calyces
If urine pools in the kidneys (urine stasis) what can this cause?
Infection and the formation of calculi (kidney stones)
