Hernias Flashcards
What is a scientific definition of a hernia?
The protrusion of an organ through a retaining structure.
Where do hernias usually occur?
In the abdm cavity.
Simple overview of the patho of a hernia:
Weakened retaining str + increased intra-abdm pressure = hernia
What might contribute to the weakening of retaining strs?
- Aging
- Congenital defect
What is a hiatus?
medical definition
A gap or opening between strs
What is a hiatal hernia?
When part of the stomach protrudes into the thoracic cavity through a hiatus in the diaphragm where the esophagus passes through.
What are the 2 types of hiatal hernia?
- Axial
2. Paraesophageal
What is another name for an axial hiatal hernia?
A sliding hiatal hernia
What happens in an axial hiatal hernia?
The gastro-esophageal junction (GEJ) and the upper part of the stomach protrude.
What word is used to describe the protrusion of an axial hiatal hernia
HINT: its not “hernia” ;P
A “Bell”.
What are the sympts of an axial hiatal hernia?
- ~50% asympt
- ~50% chest pain, reflux/heartburn
Why does heartburn burn?
Because the reflux from the stomach contains hydrochloric acid, which burns the lining of the esophagus.
What causes the feeling of fullness accompanying an axial/sliding hernia?
Because the herniated part of the stomach acts as a “mini stomach” which fills up quicker and activates the stomach stretch receptors before the “real” stomach has truly been filled.
How do you Tx the reflux from a hernia?
- Lifestyle modifications
- Avoid eating a couple hours before bed
- Keep HOB elevated
- Drugs
- Antacids
- H2RA
- PPIs
What is inhibited by the PPIs?
Hydrogen
