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Histology > Pineal, Hypothalamus, Pituitary > Flashcards

Pineal, Hypothalamus, Pituitary Flashcards

1
Q

Pineal gland

A

Located in the 3rd ventricle. It regulates the circadian rhythm, regulates seasonal biorhythms, and suppresses gonadal functions

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2
Q

Melatonin

A

Produced at night by the pineal gland

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3
Q

Seratonin

A

Produced during the day by the pineal gland

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4
Q

HIOM (hydroxyindole-o-methyltransferase)

A

Converts seratonin to melatonin

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5
Q

Superior cervical ganglion

A

Promotes melatonin synthesis. By direct autonomic sympathetic imput

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6
Q

Suprachiasmatic nucleus (hypothalamus)

A

Inhibits melatonin synthesis. By visual input through here

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7
Q

Pinealocytes

A

main cells of the pineal gland producing the serotonin and melatonin

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8
Q

Corpora arencacea

A

unique feature of the pineal gland, called “brain sand”

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9
Q

Nuclei

A

used to describe the cluster of cell bodies of neurons in the hypothalamus

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10
Q

Ventro-medial nucleus

A

Projects to median eminence. Regulates appetite, sleep and wake center; emotions, behavior

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11
Q

Supraoptic nucleus

A

Projects to the pars nervosa. They secrete vasopressin (ADH) to regulate water reabsorption in the kidney

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12
Q

Paraventricular nucleus

A

Projects to the pars nervosa. They secrete oxytocin to regulate milk ejection in mammary gland and uterine contraction

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13
Q

Medial eminence

A

Vascular bed that is a termination point for the medial nuclei. This is where the hormones drain into the pars distalis

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14
Q

Primary capillary plexus

A

Fenestrated capillaries of the median eminence located within the pars tuberalis

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15
Q

Pars nervosa

A

Termination point of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei. Contains the herring’s bodies

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16
Q

Superior hypophyseal artery

A

Supplies the median eminence

17
Q

Herring’s bodies

A

Terminal dilations (secretory vesicles) of the inferior hypophyseal artery located within the neurohypophysis. Store oxytocin and vasopressin.

18
Q

Sella turcica

A

small cup-like portion of bone that contains the pituitary gland

19
Q

Neurohypophysis (neuronal)

A

Posterior pituitary containing the pars nervosa and infundibular stalk (stem and median eminence). It contains unmyelinated axons

20
Q

Adenohypophysis (epithelial)

A

Anterior pituitary containing the pars distalis, pars intermedia, and pars tuberalis

21
Q

Pars distalis

A

Main portion of the adenohypophysis

22
Q

Pars intermedia

A

Small section of the adenohypophysis that separates the pars distalis from the pars nervosa. Stains like basophils. Secrete MSH

23
Q

Pars tuberalis

A

Tube-like structure of adenophypophysis that wraps around the neuronal portion of the infundibular stalk. Stains like basophils. Secretes mostly LH and FSH

24
Q

Pituicytes

A

Highly branched glial cells in the neurohypophysis

25
Q

Chromophobes

A

Do not stain or stain poorly and they lack granules

26
Q

Chromophils

A

Stain intensely with different dyes and they contain secretory cells (acidophils and basophils)

27
Q

Acidophils

A

stain with eosin and orange G (stain yellow/orange) (simple proteins)

28
Q

Basophils

A

stain with hematoxilin and PAS (stain purple/blue) (glycoproteins)

29
Q

Hormones secreted by acidophils

A

Growth hormone and prolactin

30
Q

Hormones secreted by basophils

A

TSH, FSH, LH, ACTH, lipotropin, endorphin, MSH

31
Q

Rathke’s cysts

A

Located within the pars intermedia. Filled with colloid and lined by cuboidal epithelium

32
Q

Posterior hypothalamus

A

regulates sympathetic autonomic NS (↑heart rate, vasoconstriction)

33
Q

Anterior hypothalamus

A

regulates parasympathetic autonomic NS (↓heart rate, vasodilatation), and body temperature

34
Q

Epiphysis

A

Pineal gland

35
Q

Hypophysis

A

Pituitary gland

Histology (26 decks)

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