Eye and Ear

Question 1

Structure of the eye

Answer 1

Tunica fibrosa -> Uvea -> Retina

Question 2

Tunica fibrosa

Answer 2

Outer layer of eye. Contains the sclera and cornea

Question 3

Uvea

Answer 3

2nd layer of eye. Choroid -> ciliary body -> iris

Question 4

Retina

Answer 4

3rd layer of eye. Contains the neural retina and non-neural retina

Question 5

Sclera

Answer 5

Connective tissue layer of tunica fibrosa

Question 6

Cornea

Answer 6

Corneal (outermost layer) -> Bowmen’s membrane -> Stroma (thickest layer) -> Descment’s membrane -> Endothelium

Question 7

Canal of Schlemm

Answer 7

At the junction of the schlera and cornea. Facilitates calibration of pressure

Question 8

Choroid

Answer 8

Vascular connective tissue layer filled with blood vessels. Provides nutrients to the sclera and retina

Question 9

Ciliary body

Answer 9

Contains muscle that can contract and change shape of lens for visual accommodation.

Question 10

Iris

Answer 10

Contains a double layer of epithelium that has the pigment granules (adjacent to posterior chamber). Continuous with ciliary body

Question 11

Choriocapillary layer

Answer 11

Subdivision of the choroid that is vascular. Blood vessels are a lot smaller and filled with capillaries

Question 12

Ciliary processes

Answer 12

Folds of the epithelium in ciliary bodies. Inner layer is pigmented and the outer layer is non pigmented

Question 13

Zonule fibers

Answer 13

Also called oxytalin fibers. Attached to lens. Form a bridge between ciliary processes and lens

Question 14

Ora serrata

Answer 14

Transition from neural to non neural retina.

Question 15

Fovea centralis

Answer 15

Spot in the neural retina that only has cones and gives the greatest visual sharpness.

Question 16

Neural retina

Answer 16

Outer layer of rods and cones, intermediate layer of bipolar neurons, and internal layer of ganglian cells

Question 17

Rod cells

Answer 17

only give black to shades of grey and white – rhodopsin

Question 18

Cone cells

Answer 18

only gives color - variants of iodopsin

Question 19

Optic nerve

Answer 19

No rods or cones. Central artery of the retina flows through here

Question 20

Non-neural retina

Answer 20

Double layer of epithelium that lines the ciliary body and back of the iris

Question 21

Lens epithelium

Answer 21

simple cuboidal to columnar (cellular)

Question 22

Lens capsule

Answer 22

proteoglycans, type IV collagen (connective tissue)

Question 23

Eyelid

Answer 23

conjunctiva -> tarsus plate -> Meibomian gland (sebaceous) -> orbicular muscle -> eyelashes

Question 24

Conjunctiva

Answer 24

Mucosa covering portion of sclera continues as lining of internal eyelid, stratified columnar to stratified squamous

Question 25

Lacrimal apparatus

Answer 25

Produces tears, tubular-alveoli acini, serous

Question 26

Structure of ear

Answer 26

Outer ear -> middle ear -> inner ear

Question 27

Outer ear

Answer 27

Pinna -> Auditory canal -> Tympanic membrane

Question 28

Pinna

Answer 28

Also called the auricle. Outer lobe of ear that contains elastic cartilage and connective tissue

Question 29

External auditory meatus

Answer 29

Ear canal, lined by epidermis

Question 30

Tympanum

Answer 30

Ear drum. External epidermis -> middle connective tissue -> inner simple cuboidal/squamous

Question 31

Middle ear

Answer 31

Consist of the malleus, incus, and stapes which articulate with each other to amplify sound

Question 32

Inner ear

Answer 32

Contains the bony (outer) and membranous (inner) labyrinth

Question 33

Inner ear sensory regions

Answer 33

Vestibule, semicircular canals, and cochlea

Question 34

Vestibule

Answer 34

Composed of utricle & saccule that contain the maculae

Question 35

Semicircular canals

Answer 35

Contain the cristae ampullares. There are 3 canals: X,Y, and Z.

Question 36

Cochlea

Answer 36

Contains the oval window, round window, organ of Corti and tectorial membrane. Seashell shaped structure that contains fluid. When sounds waves move in, pressure from the stapes pushes the oval window in and the round window out. The vibration travels down the hair cells of the organ or Corti.

Question 37

Stapes footprint

Answer 37

Bangs on the chochlea that causes a vibration to move towards the organ or Corti

Question 38

Organ of corti

Answer 38

Movement of vibration through the tectorial membrane rubs up against the hair cells and gives us the sensation of sound

Question 39

Tectorial membrane

Answer 39

stimulates the hair cells of the organ or corti

Question 40

Scala media

Answer 40

Middle duct of cochlea that contains the organ of corti. Contains endolymph

Question 41

Endolymph

Answer 41

Fluid that maintains viability of the cells of the organ of corti. Secreted by the stria vascularis

Question 42

Macula

Answer 42

Located in the utricle and saccule of the vestibule. Perceives linear acceleration and movement. Contains sterocillia embedded in a gelatinous layer with odoliths on top

Question 43

Odoliths

Answer 43

Calcium carbonate crystals that provide inertia so when you move, the gelatinous layer and stereocilia will move and that is perceived as motion.

Question 44

Cristae ampullares

Answer 44

Located at the base of semicircular canals within the ampullae to perceive rotation

Question 45

Sterocilia bundles

Answer 45

hair cells that are connected by small bridges in the macula and cristae ampullaris