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Histology > Eye and Ear > Flashcards

Eye and Ear Flashcards

1
Q

Structure of the eye

A

Tunica fibrosa -> Uvea -> Retina

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2
Q

Tunica fibrosa

A

Outer layer of eye. Contains the sclera and cornea

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3
Q

Uvea

A

2nd layer of eye. Choroid -> ciliary body -> iris

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4
Q

Retina

A

3rd layer of eye. Contains the neural retina and non-neural retina

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5
Q

Sclera

A

Connective tissue layer of tunica fibrosa

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6
Q

Cornea

A

Corneal (outermost layer) -> Bowmen’s membrane -> Stroma (thickest layer) -> Descment’s membrane -> Endothelium

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7
Q

Canal of Schlemm

A

At the junction of the schlera and cornea. Facilitates calibration of pressure

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8
Q

Choroid

A

Vascular connective tissue layer filled with blood vessels. Provides nutrients to the sclera and retina

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9
Q

Ciliary body

A

Contains muscle that can contract and change shape of lens for visual accommodation.

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10
Q

Iris

A

Contains a double layer of epithelium that has the pigment granules (adjacent to posterior chamber). Continuous with ciliary body

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11
Q

Choriocapillary layer

A

Subdivision of the choroid that is vascular. Blood vessels are a lot smaller and filled with capillaries

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12
Q

Ciliary processes

A

Folds of the epithelium in ciliary bodies. Inner layer is pigmented and the outer layer is non pigmented

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13
Q

Zonule fibers

A

Also called oxytalin fibers. Attached to lens. Form a bridge between ciliary processes and lens

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14
Q

Ora serrata

A

Transition from neural to non neural retina.

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15
Q

Fovea centralis

A

Spot in the neural retina that only has cones and gives the greatest visual sharpness.

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16
Q

Neural retina

A

Outer layer of rods and cones, intermediate layer of bipolar neurons, and internal layer of ganglian cells

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17
Q

Rod cells

A

only give black to shades of grey and white – rhodopsin

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18
Q

Cone cells

A

only gives color - variants of iodopsin

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19
Q

Optic nerve

A

No rods or cones. Central artery of the retina flows through here

20
Q

Non-neural retina

A

Double layer of epithelium that lines the ciliary body and back of the iris

21
Q

Lens epithelium

A

simple cuboidal to columnar (cellular)

22
Q

Lens capsule

A

proteoglycans, type IV collagen (connective tissue)

23
Q

Eyelid

A

conjunctiva -> tarsus plate -> Meibomian gland (sebaceous) -> orbicular muscle -> eyelashes

24
Q

Conjunctiva

A

Mucosa covering portion of sclera continues as lining of internal eyelid, stratified columnar to stratified squamous

25
Q

Lacrimal apparatus

A

Produces tears, tubular-alveoli acini, serous

26
Q

Structure of ear

A

Outer ear -> middle ear -> inner ear

27
Q

Outer ear

A

Pinna -> Auditory canal -> Tympanic membrane

28
Q

Pinna

A

Also called the auricle. Outer lobe of ear that contains elastic cartilage and connective tissue

29
Q

External auditory meatus

A

Ear canal, lined by epidermis

30
Q

Tympanum

A

Ear drum. External epidermis -> middle connective tissue -> inner simple cuboidal/squamous

31
Q

Middle ear

A

Consist of the malleus, incus, and stapes which articulate with each other to amplify sound

32
Q

Inner ear

A

Contains the bony (outer) and membranous (inner) labyrinth

33
Q

Inner ear sensory regions

A

Vestibule, semicircular canals, and cochlea

34
Q

Vestibule

A

Composed of utricle & saccule that contain the maculae

35
Q

Semicircular canals

A

Contain the cristae ampullares. There are 3 canals: X,Y, and Z.

36
Q

Cochlea

A

Contains the oval window, round window, organ of Corti and tectorial membrane. Seashell shaped structure that contains fluid. When sounds waves move in, pressure from the stapes pushes the oval window in and the round window out. The vibration travels down the hair cells of the organ or Corti.

37
Q

Stapes footprint

A

Bangs on the chochlea that causes a vibration to move towards the organ or Corti

38
Q

Organ of corti

A

Movement of vibration through the tectorial membrane rubs up against the hair cells and gives us the sensation of sound

39
Q

Tectorial membrane

A

stimulates the hair cells of the organ or corti

40
Q

Scala media

A

Middle duct of cochlea that contains the organ of corti. Contains endolymph

41
Q

Endolymph

A

Fluid that maintains viability of the cells of the organ of corti. Secreted by the stria vascularis

42
Q

Macula

A

Located in the utricle and saccule of the vestibule. Perceives linear acceleration and movement. Contains sterocillia embedded in a gelatinous layer with odoliths on top

43
Q

Odoliths

A

Calcium carbonate crystals that provide inertia so when you move, the gelatinous layer and stereocilia will move and that is perceived as motion.

44
Q

Cristae ampullares

A

Located at the base of semicircular canals within the ampullae to perceive rotation

45
Q

Sterocilia bundles

A

hair cells that are connected by small bridges in the macula and cristae ampullaris

Histology (26 decks)

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