Male Reproduction

Question 1

Gubernaculum testis

Answer 1

connective tissue extending from testis to what will become scrotum

Question 2

Pampiniform plexus

Answer 2

Countercurrent heat exchange system that cools abdominal blood passing to testis and epididymis, heats blood returning from testis and epididymis to abdomen

Question 3

Mesonephric tubules

Answer 3

Becomes the efferent ducts

Question 4

Mesonephric ducts

Answer 4

Becomes the epididymus and vas deferens

Question 5

Layers of the testes

Answer 5

Visceral tunica vaginalis –> tunica albuginea –> tunica vasculosa

Question 6

Tunica albuginea

Answer 6

Thick connective tissue layer of testis. Contains the septa and mediastinum

Question 7

Septa

Answer 7

Separate the seminiferous tubules

Question 8

Mediastinum testis

Answer 8

posterior portion of the tunica albuginea that forms cavities that the seminiferous tubules empty sperm into

Question 9

Efferent ducts

Answer 9

connects the tunica albuginea to the epididymus. Lined by ciliated and resorptive cells to help sperm move along and to reabsorb fluid

Question 10

Tunica vasculosa

Answer 10

layer of connective tissue with blood vessels that provides nutrients to the seminiferous tubules

Question 11

Leydig cells

Answer 11

Synthesize testosterone in their smooth ER and reside between the seminiferous tubules

Question 12

Seminiferous tubules

Answer 12

Contain Sertoli cells, germ cells, and an outer layer of smooth muscle

Question 13

LH

Answer 13

Stimulates leydig cells

Question 14

FSH

Answer 14

Stimulates Sertoli cells

Question 15

Inhibin

Answer 15

feedback hormone for LH and FSH secreted by Sertoli cells

Question 16

Sertoli cells

Answer 16

Support cells in the seminiferous tubules. Secrete inhibin. Prominent nucleolus. Infolding nuclear membrane

Question 17

Testosterone

Answer 17

Maintain spermatogenesis, maintain accessory glands of reproduction, secondary sex characteristics, and libido

Question 18

Androgen receptor

Answer 18

Binds testosterone

Question 19

Cholesterol

Answer 19

Precursor to testosterone

Question 20

Sections of the seminiferous tubules

Answer 20

Transitional region (terminal segment) that contains only sertoli cells, tubulus rectus (simple cuboidal), and rete testis

Question 21

Development of sperm cells

Answer 21

Spermatogonium -> primary spermatocyte -> secondary spermatocytes -> early spermatids -> sperm

Question 22

Sertoli tight junction complexes

Answer 22

It contains a blood testis barrier that separates the basal compartment from the adluminal compartment. The sertoli cells have a role in sustaining the mitotic stem cells because of the separation from the nutrients of the basal compartment.

Question 23

Basal compartment

Answer 23

Below the blood testis barrier and contains vasculature. Spermantogium are located here

Question 24

Adluminal compartment

Answer 24

Above the blood testis barrier and contains the sperm stem cells. No vasculature

Question 25

Spermatogenesis

Answer 25

The mitotic differentiation of spermatogonia to sperm

Question 26

Spermiogenesis

Answer 26

The process of a round sperm to an elongated sperm

Question 27

Section of sperm

Answer 27

Head --> neck--> middle piece --> principal piece --> end piece

Question 28

Head

Answer 28

acrosome on outer layer, DNA inside

Question 29

Neck

Answer 29

contains the centrioles

Question 30

Middle piece

Answer 30

contains the axoneme. It is wrapped with mitochondria and this provides the energy for motility

Question 31

Principal piece

Answer 31

the axoneme is wrapped in a fibrous sheath

Question 32

End piece

Answer 32

Axoneme only

Question 33

Sequential temporal succession

Answer 33

The same cell types of germ cells differentiate in clusters during spermatogenesis. When the cells are differentiating, there is a communicating within each of them so they can differentiate together

Question 34

Rete testis

Answer 34

spaces within the mediastinum that collects the sperm from the various tubules, ciliated cuboidal

Question 35

Epididymus

Answer 35

Pseudostratified columnar, lined with stereocilia. Empties into the vas deferens

Question 36

Sperm maturation

Answer 36

The ability of sperm to fertilize ova increases during transit through the epididymis

Question 37

Sperm storage

Answer 37

The wide lumen of the tail (cauda) increases storage volume

Question 38

Layers of vas deferens

Answer 38

Inner and outer layers of longitudinal smooth muscle. and middle layer of circular smooth muscle for contraction. Epithelium is folded on the inside (ampulla)

Question 39

Seminal vesicle

Answer 39

One tube, highly folded. Secretes fluid during ejaculation. Pseudostratified columnar or simple columnar.

Question 40

Zones of the prostate gland

Answer 40

Periurethral and central zone (more smooth muscle) and transitional zone

Question 41

Corpora amylacea

Answer 41

Concretions in the prostate that accumulate with age

Question 42

Bulbourethral (Cowper’s) glands

Answer 42

secrete mucin that protects the lining of the urethral from acrosomal proteases and protects sperm from remnants of urine. Contains skeletal muscle

Question 43

Layers of the urethra

Answer 43

Going down the urethra: Prostatic (transitional) --> membranous and penile (pseudostratified and/or Stratified columnar)