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histology > Male Reproduction > Flashcards

Male Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

Gubernaculum testis

A

connective tissue extending from testis to what will become scrotum

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2
Q

Pampiniform plexus

A

Countercurrent heat exchange system that cools abdominal blood passing to testis and epididymis, heats blood returning from testis and epididymis to abdomen

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3
Q

Mesonephric tubules

A

Becomes the efferent ducts

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4
Q

Mesonephric ducts

A

Becomes the epididymus and vas deferens

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5
Q

Layers of the testes

A

Visceral tunica vaginalis –> tunica albuginea –> tunica vasculosa

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6
Q

Tunica albuginea

A

Thick connective tissue layer of testis. Contains the septa and mediastinum

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7
Q

Septa

A

Separate the seminiferous tubules

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8
Q

Mediastinum testis

A

posterior portion of the tunica albuginea that forms cavities that the seminiferous tubules empty sperm into

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9
Q

Efferent ducts

A

connects the tunica albuginea to the epididymus. Lined by ciliated and resorptive cells to help sperm move along and to reabsorb fluid

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10
Q

Tunica vasculosa

A

layer of connective tissue with blood vessels that provides nutrients to the seminiferous tubules

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11
Q

Leydig cells

A

Synthesize testosterone in their smooth ER and reside between the seminiferous tubules

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12
Q

Seminiferous tubules

A

Contain Sertoli cells, germ cells, and an outer layer of smooth muscle

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13
Q

LH

A

Stimulates leydig cells

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14
Q

FSH

A

Stimulates Sertoli cells

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15
Q

Inhibin

A

feedback hormone for LH and FSH secreted by Sertoli cells

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16
Q

Sertoli cells

A

Support cells in the seminiferous tubules. Secrete inhibin. Prominent nucleolus. Infolding nuclear membrane

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17
Q

Testosterone

A

Maintain spermatogenesis, maintain accessory glands of reproduction, secondary sex characteristics, and libido

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18
Q

Androgen receptor

A

Binds testosterone

19
Q

Cholesterol

A

Precursor to testosterone

20
Q

Sections of the seminiferous tubules

A

Transitional region (terminal segment) that contains only sertoli cells, tubulus rectus (simple cuboidal), and rete testis

21
Q

Development of sperm cells

A

Spermatogonium -> primary spermatocyte -> secondary spermatocytes -> early spermatids -> sperm

22
Q

Sertoli tight junction complexes

A

It contains a blood testis barrier that separates the basal compartment from the adluminal compartment. The sertoli cells have a role in sustaining the mitotic stem cells because of the separation from the nutrients of the basal compartment.

23
Q

Basal compartment

A

Below the blood testis barrier and contains vasculature. Spermantogium are located here

24
Q

Adluminal compartment

A

Above the blood testis barrier and contains the sperm stem cells. No vasculature

25
Q

Spermatogenesis

A

The mitotic differentiation of spermatogonia to sperm

26
Q

Spermiogenesis

A

The process of a round sperm to an elongated sperm

27
Q

Section of sperm

A

Head –> neck–> middle piece –> principal piece –> end piece

28
Q

Head

A

acrosome on outer layer, DNA inside

29
Q

Neck

A

contains the centrioles

30
Q

Middle piece

A

contains the axoneme. It is wrapped with mitochondria and this provides the energy for motility

31
Q

Principal piece

A

the axoneme is wrapped in a fibrous sheath

32
Q

End piece

A

Axoneme only

33
Q

Sequential temporal succession

A

The same cell types of germ cells differentiate in clusters during spermatogenesis. When the cells are differentiating, there is a communicating within each of them so they can differentiate together

34
Q

Rete testis

A

spaces within the mediastinum that collects the sperm from the various tubules, ciliated cuboidal

35
Q

Epididymus

A

Pseudostratified columnar, lined with stereocilia. Empties into the vas deferens

36
Q

Sperm maturation

A

The ability of sperm to fertilize ova increases during transit through the epididymis

37
Q

Sperm storage

A

The wide lumen of the tail (cauda) increases storage volume

38
Q

Layers of vas deferens

A

Inner and outer layers of longitudinal smooth muscle. and middle layer of circular smooth muscle for contraction. Epithelium is folded on the inside (ampulla)

39
Q

Seminal vesicle

A

One tube, highly folded. Secretes fluid during ejaculation. Pseudostratified columnar or simple columnar.

40
Q

Zones of the prostate gland

A

Periurethral and central zone (more smooth muscle) and transitional zone

41
Q

Corpora amylacea

A

Concretions in the prostate that accumulate with age

42
Q

Bulbourethral (Cowper’s) glands

A

secrete mucin that protects the lining of the urethral from acrosomal proteases and protects sperm from remnants of urine. Contains skeletal muscle

43
Q

Layers of the urethra

A

Going down the urethra: Prostatic (transitional) –> membranous and penile (pseudostratified and/or Stratified columnar)

histology (26 decks)

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