Oral Structures Flashcards
Oral mucous membrane
Stratified squamous epithelium (non-keratinized)
Lip and cheek structure
External surface keratinized stratified squamous, vermillion zone, internal surface
Vermilion Zone
Red area of lips. Transition between keratinized
and non-keratinized epithelium
Incisors
8 teeth, single root
Canine
4 for grasping, single root
Premolars
8 for grinding, 2 roots
Molars
12 for grinding, 2 or 3 roots
Number of teeth
20 deciduous teeth, 32 permanent teeth
Tooth structure
Crown (exposed) and root (in socket)
Enamel
95% calcium salt (hydroxyapatite), hardest substance in body. Can not repair itself. Covers the crown of the tooth.
Dentin
Bulk of tooth, harder than bone because of the collagen and mineral (hydroxyapatite)
Periodontal ligament
It binds the cementum to spongy bone. Anchors tooth in boney socket of jaw.
Root canal
Central canal in the pulp of the root. Exit route for pulp cavity is through the apical foramen
Cementum
Bone like matrix that covers the root portion of dentin. and connects it to the periodontal ligament
Plaque
Film of sugar, bacteria, and debris
Odontoblast
Give rise to predentin then dentin
Pulp cavity in tooth
Inside of the dentin surrounded by odontoblast and contain blood vessels and nerves
Ameloblast
Produce the enamel
Predentin
Organic matrix on dentin
Sharpay’s fibers (dental)
Provides anchor sites for collagen bundles from the periodontal ligament to the cementum
Alveolar processes
Alveolar bone that forms sockets for dental roots
Gingiva
Gums, firmly bound to the periosteum of the alveolar processes.
Dental papilla (mesoderm)
Forms dentin related structures and pulp
Mesenchyme (dental sac)
Forms cementoblasts and periodontal ligament
4 stages of tooth development
bud, early cap, late cap, and bell stage
Hard palate
keratinized mucosa and numerous salivary glands
Soft palate
Large number of taste buds, and the uvula
Specialized areas of tongue
articulation, mastication, taste, swallowing (deglutition), suckling
Filiform
Located on the surface of tongue. Must numerous papillae, cone shaped and don’t have taste buds. Keratinized epithelium.
Fungiform
Located on tip of tongue, contain a few taste buds, mushroom shaped. They are less numerous.
Circumvallate
Large circular structures that contain a “moat” that secretes mucous. They are located at the back of the tongue and contain the most taste buds.
Taste buds
Located within the moat’s base/wall of tongue. Stratified squamous. Contain gustatory cells lined by microvilli (receptors) that project through taste pores
Sections of the tongue
Oral (anterior) and pharyngeal (posterior)
Lingual tonsils
Aggregates of lymphoid nodules located on the pharyngeal portion of the tongue. Contain minor salivary glands.
Major salivary glands
encapsulated, secrete on demand
Minor salivary glands
not encapsulated, continuous secretion
Sensory cells (tongue)
Stain light
Supporting cells (tongue)
Stain dark
Salivary secretion
primary secretion by acini with striated ducts of columnar cells, active electrolyte transport
Parasympathetic secretory control (salivary)
large amounts of watery secretions
Sympathetic secretory control (salivary)
thick viscoid secretion (dry mouth)
Paratoid glands
Compound acinar. Largest salivary glands (next to ear), serous glands, encapsulated.
Submandibular glands
Compound tubulo-acinar. Serous demilune glands predominate over some mucous. Less prominent intercalated ducts. Produces the most saliva
Sublingual glands
Compound tubulo-acinar. Unencapsulated, mucous glands predominate over serous, rare striated ducts, no intercalated ducts, and no fat. Produces the least amount of saliva
Oropharynx
Conducts food from oral cavity to esophagus. Stratified squamous epithelium (non-keratinized).
Nasopharynx
Conducts air from the nasal cavities to the larynx and trachea. Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
Stenson’s duct
Parotid excretory duct that opens on inner surface of cheek across from upper second molars
Wharton’s duct
Submandibular ducts that open on the floor of the mouth
Bartholin’s duct
Sublingual ducts that have multiple ducts that open posteriorly to the submandibular ducts
Bud phase
Ectoderm origin, forms the enamel
Cap phase
Mesenchyme origin, forms the dental papilla which forms dentin
Bell phase
Mesenchyme origin, forms the dental sac which becomes the periodontal ligament and cementum
