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Histology > Gastrointestinal Tract > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Tract Flashcards

1
Q

Mucosa of esophagus

A

Stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium –> muscularis mucosa (smooth muscle) –> esophageal glands in sub-mucosa –> circular smooth muscle –> longitudinal smooth muscle

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2
Q

Muscularis externa of esophagus

A

Circular skeletal muscle (distal) –> skeletal and smooth muscle (middle) –> longitudinal smooth muscle (distal)

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3
Q

Esophago-gastric junction

A

This is where the lining of the mucosa changes from stratified squamous to simple columnar epithelium. Contains some goblet cells

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4
Q

Cardiac stomach

A

Shallow gastric pits and cardiac glands. Lined by mucous columnar cells

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5
Q

Fundus and body stomach

A

Gastric pits and gastric glands. The glands are branched tubular.

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6
Q

Rugae

A

Large mucosa and submucosa folds in the stomach

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7
Q

Pyloric stomach

A

End of the stomach that contains deep gastric pits and short pyloric glands which are coiled tubular branched. Represents the transition from stomach to duodenum. Secretes mostly mucous

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8
Q

Surface mucous cells

A

Stomach. Secretes protective mucous

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9
Q

Mucous neck cells

A

Stomach. Secretes mucous

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10
Q

Parietal cells

A

Stomach. Light stained, eosinophilic, and secrete HCl and intrinsic factor

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11
Q

Chief cells

A

Stomach. Dark stained, basophilic, secrete pepsinogen

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12
Q

G cells

A

Secrete gastrin, hormonal function

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13
Q

Enteroendocrine cells (stomach)

A

Secrete serotonin

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14
Q

Active parietal cells

A

Contain microvilli that have filled up the intracellular canaliculi, and Golgi

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15
Q

Resting parietal cells

A

Contain tubulovesicles and empty intracellular canaliculi

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16
Q

Gastro-duodenal junction

A

Transition from the stomach to the intestine. There is a change in mucosa from gastric pits to intestinal villi. Smooth muscle of the pyloric sphincter can be seen

17
Q

Enterocyte

A

Mature absorptive cell of the GI tract. Contains a terminal web

18
Q

Goblet cells

A

Protective cell that secretes mucous for lubrication. Located in the upper gland of small intestine

19
Q

Enteroendocrine cells (small intestine)

A

Located in the lower gland of crypts

20
Q

Paneth cells

A

Located in base of glands in the small intestine. Innate immunity. Eosinophilic cells with dark granules.

21
Q

Regions of the small intestine

A

Duodenum –> jejunem –> ileum

22
Q

Duodenum

A

Villi on the surface, intestinal glands (short crypts of Lieberkuhn), and Brunner’s glands. Can contain the plicae circularis

23
Q

Jejunem

A

Contains surface villi and crypts of Lieberkuhn. Also contains the plicae circularis

24
Q

Ileum

A

Contains surface villi, crypts of Lieberkuhn and Peyer’s patches. Location where most bile salts are reabsorbed back into the portal circulation.

25
Q

Micovillus of small intestine

A

Increases surface area and stores digestive enzymes

26
Q

Peyer’s patches

A

Located in the ileum. Lymphatic nodules that increase the area where absorption can occur.

27
Q

Structure of large intestine

A

Cecum -> ascending column -> transverse column -> descending column -> sigmoid column -> rectum

28
Q

Appendix

A

Location for an accumulation of debris that is cleaned out by the lymphatic system, attached to the cecum. Contains dense lymphatic nodules

29
Q

Teniae coli

A

3 longitudinal bands of smooth muscle in the muscularis externa of large intestine. Forms the distinct bumps of the colon

30
Q

Recto-anal junction

A

Change from simple columnar in the rectum to stratified squamous in the anus. There are abundant goblet cells in the rectum.

31
Q

Peristaltic movement

A

Downward movement of material. More prevalent in the intestines than the esophagus

32
Q

Intestinal villi

A

Contain blood vessels, lacteal, lamina propria, enterocytes and actin. Absorption

33
Q

Intestinal crypts

A

Contain paneth cells, enteroendocrine cells, goblet cells, smooth muscle, and lymphocytes. Secretion

34
Q

Absorptive cell

A

Absorb and process digestion products of small intestine. Microvillus brush border and numerous cytoplasmic organelles.

35
Q

Auerbach’s plexus

A

located in the muscularis externa in the small intestine. Also called the myenteric plexus

36
Q

Myenteric plexus

A

Major nerve supply to the GI tract. Controls muscle contraction

37
Q

Brunner’s glands

A

Branched tubular glands of the submucosa of duodenum

38
Q

Plicae circularis

A

Extension of the submucosa that gives characteristic folds. Most prevalent in the jejunum but can be found in the duodenum too.

39
Q

Colon

A

Responsible for water absorption of feces

Histology (26 decks)

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