Hematology

Question 1

Hematology

Answer 1

The study of blood and its components

Question 2

Hematocrit

Answer 2

Packed cell volume of erythrocytes that comprises about 44% of the total blood volume.

Question 3

Erythrocytes

Answer 3

Red blood cells. They have no nucleus, abundant hemoglobin, proteins can’t be repaired, and have a limited life span (120 days). They are made in bone marrow and are flexible enough to fit through small places like capillaries. They exchange O2 and CO2 with the capillary wall.

Question 4

Leukocytes

Answer 4

White blood cells. The different forms of leukocyte are: eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes.

Question 5

Plasma

Answer 5

Fluid extracellular material in the blood that is 90% water and 10% solutes. 55% of total blood volume. Solutes contain proteins both organic (lipids, carbohydrates, amino acids & organic waste) and inorganic (electrolytes)

Question 6

Buffy coat

Answer 6

Layer between the plasma and hematocrit that consists of leukocytes and platelets. 1% of total blood volume

Question 7

Megakaryocytes

Answer 7

Cells that form platelets and thrombocytes

Question 8

Romanovsky-type stain

Answer 8

Basophilic - blue
Azurophilic - purple
Neutrophilic - pink
Eosinophilic - orange

Question 9

Differential Count

Answer 9

Used to get a count, percentage of each type of cell in the blood. Process of putting the blood on a slide and using stains to identify the different types of cells. Most basic process used in hospitals, offices, etc.

Question 10

Neutrophil

Answer 10

Leukocyte that attacks bacteria (60-70%)

Question 11

Eosinophil

Answer 11

Leukocyte that attacks parasites (2-4%)

Question 12

Basophils

Answer 12

Leukocyte that mediates inflammation (0.5%)

Question 13

Lymphocytes

Answer 13

Leukocyte that mediates humoral and cellular immunity (28%)

Question 14

Monocytes

Answer 14

Leukocyte that becomes a phagocytic macrophage once it leaves the blood (5%)

Question 15

Band cell

Answer 15

Immature neutrophils

Question 16

Granulocytes

Answer 16

Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils. Diapedesis migration of cells into tissues occurs and they posses phagocytic properties.

Question 17

Agranulocytes

Answer 17

Lymphocytes and monocytes. They lack specific granules, but contain lysosomes. The nucleus is spherical but not lobulated

Question 18

Diapedesis

Answer 18

Process where leukocytes migrate out of the venules and into surrounding tissue space. They head towards sites of injury or invasion.

Question 19

Albumin

Answer 19

Most abundant protein in plasma (60%). It is made in the liver and maintains osmotic pressure.

Question 20

Globulins

Answer 20

Protein in plasma made by the liver. It includes immunoglobulins (antibodies) and transport globulins that bind small ions, hormones and other compounds.

Question 21

Fibrinogen

Answer 21

Largest protein in plasma but only is 4% of the total. It is made in the liver and functions in the formation of blood clots.

Question 22

Immunoglobulins

Answer 22

Antibodies

Question 23

Electrolytes

Answer 23

Inorganic ions in the plasma (Na+, K+, Ca+, Mg+, Cl-, HCO3-, HPO4-, SO4-)

Question 24

Glycophorin

Answer 24

Transmembrane protein exposed to the outer membrane of an erythrocyte.

Question 25

Anion transporter channel (Band 3)

Answer 25

Protein that allows HCO3- to cross the plasma membrane of an RBC in exchange for Cl-. This exchange facilitates the release of CO2 in the lungs.

Question 26

Ankyrin

Answer 26

Protein that anchors spectrin (peripheral protein) to band 3 proteins in the RBC.

Question 27

Anemia

Answer 27

A low concentration of hemoglobin in the circulatory system. It is caused by loss of blood, insufficient RBC production, insufficient hemoglobin in RBC, and accelerated RBC destruction.