Physiology - Neonatal physiology

Question 1

what structure does the fetal blood go to in order to bypass the liver from the umbilical vein

a.ductus venosus
b.ductus arteriosus
c.ivc
d.foramen ovale

Answer 1

a.ductus venosus

to the iVC

Question 2

how does blood go straight from the right atrium to the left atrium

a.ductus venosus
b.ductus arteriosus
c.ivc
d.foramen ovale

Answer 2

d.foramen ovale

Question 3

where is blood from the left ventricle of the fetus pumped to

a.placenta
b.head of fetus
c.fetal body

Answer 3

b.head of fetus

Question 4

blood returning from the fetal head goes where

a.left atrium
b.left ventricle
c.right atrium
d.right ventricle

Answer 4

c.right atrium

Question 5

where does fetal blood from the head go after the right atrium

a.left atrium
b.left ventricle
c.right atrium
d.right ventricle

Answer 5

d.right ventricle

pulmonary trunk

Question 6

blood to the lungs travels to the aorta via which structure in the fetus before being returned to the placenta via umbilical arteries

a.ductus venosus
b.ductus arteriosus
c.ivc
d.foramen ovale

Answer 6

b.ductus arteriosus

Question 7

what effect does clamping of the arterial veins and arteries at birth have on peripheral resistance in the systemic circulation

a.increase
b.decrease

Answer 7

a.increase
so BP increase in systemic

Question 8

lung expansion has what effect on pulmonary vascular resistance

aa.increase
b.decrease

Answer 8

b.decrease

pressures in right atrium, right ventricle and pulmonary trunk decrease

Question 9

when does the ductus arteriosus close

a.first few days of life
b.at birth
c.3 months

Answer 9

a.first few days of life

Question 10

neonatal lung compliance is ……… than adults

a.higher
b.lower

Answer 10

b.lower

despite large intrapleural pressure needed for first breath to overcome surface tension of fluid filling the alveoli

Question 11

resp rate of a neonate

a.12 breaths per min
b.24 brearhs per min
c.40 breaths per min

Answer 11

c.40 breaths per min

2x adult ventilation when size taken into account

Question 12

what causes respiratory distress syndrome

a.surfactant deficiency increasing work of breathing

b.excess surfactant increasing work of breathing

Answer 12

a.surfactant deficiency increasing work of breathing

Question 13

what should happen to weight in the first year of life

a.increase
b.double
c.triple
d.quadruple

Answer 13

c.triple

Question 14

what should be supplemented when breastfeeding as they are demand in the growing baby for the first year

a. calcium and iron
b.calcium and potassium
c.potassium and magnesium

Answer 14

a. calcium and iron

Question 15

how long does the initial 1-2 degree temp drop in neonates take to resolve

a.1 hr
b.10 days
c.12 hours
d. 30 mins

Answer 15

c.12 hours

Question 16

which type of fat in the infant uncouples ADP phosphorylation from mitochondrial function with all of the energy going to heat

a.white
b.pink
c.brown

Answer 16

c.brown

Question 17

the liver is poorly formed at birth leading to a rise in plasma billirubin reaching a max of 5x greater than normal at…

a.12 hrs
b. 10 days
c. 2 weeks

Answer 17

c. 2 weeks

neonatal jaundice

Question 18

in neonates plasma protein levels are..

a.low
b.high

Answer 18

a.low

decreased clotting factors
increased risk of bleeding

Question 19

which antibodies are absorbed from the placenta

a.IgG
b.IgM
c.IgA
d.IgC

Answer 19

a.IgG

Question 20

which antibodies are present in colostrum

a.IgG
b.IgM
c.IgA
d.IgC

Answer 20

c.IgA