Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GERR > Physiology - Digestion and secretion > Flashcards

Physiology - Digestion and secretion Flashcards

1
Q

what type of glands are oxyntic glands that secrete in response to food and are found in the stomach?

a.single cell mucous glands
b.pit glands
c.tubular glands
d.complex glands

A

c.tubular glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what type of glands are goblet cells which secrete mucous in response to epithelial irritation?

a.single cell mucous glands
b.pit glands
c.tubular glands
d.complex glands

A

a.single cell mucous glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what type of glands are the salivary glands , pancreas and liver?

a.single cell mucous glands
b.pit glands
c.tubular glands
d.complex glands

A

d.complex glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

which of these glands is a tubular gland

a.oxyntic glands in stomach
b.salivary glands
c.crypts of lieberkuhn

A

a.oxyntic glands in stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

which of these glands is a complex

a.oxyntic glands in stomach
b.salivary glands
c.crypts of lieberkuhn

A

b.salivary glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

which type of secretion contains H2O and electrolytes from the ECF?

a.aqueous
b.organic
c.mucous

A

a.aqueous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

which type of secretion contains H20 electrolytes and glycoproteins?

a.aqueous
b.organic
c.mucous

A

c.mucous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

which type of secretion is stored in vesicles and is made via ATP dependent synthesis in the ER and the golgi?

a.aqueous
b.organic
c.mucous

A

b.organic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what effect does parasympathetic stimulation have on secretion?

a.increased glandular secretion via glossopharangeal /vagus nerve

b.decreased glandular secretion via glossopharangeal/ vagus nerve

c.decreased glandular secretion due to gastric vasoconstriction

d.increased glandular secretion via gastric vasoconstriction

A

a.increased glandular secretion via glossopharangeal /vagus nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what effect does sympathetic stimulation have on secretion?

a.increased glandular secretion via glossopharangeal /vagus nerve

b.decreased glandular secretion via glossopharangeal/ vagus nerve

c.decreased glandular secretion due to gastric vasoconstriction

d.increased glandular secretion via gastric vasoconstriction

A

c.decreased glandular secretion due to gastric vasoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

food stimulating release of GI hormones is an example of which type of regulation of secretion

a.local
b.autonomic
c.endocrine

A

c.endocrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

which of these glands is NOT responsible for secretion of saliva?

a.parotid
b.buccal
c.submandibular
d.sublingual
e.oxyntic

A

e.oxyntic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

the parotid glands contain pytalin and lysozyme, which type of glands are these?

a.aqueous
b.serous
c.mucous

A

b.serous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

which of these glands is serous acinar?

a.parotid
b.buccal
c.sublingual

A

a.parotid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

which of these glands is mucal acinar ?

a.parotid
b.buccal
c.sublingual

A

b.buccal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

saliva is ……….. to plasma

a.isotonic
b.hypotonic
c.hypertonic

A

b.hypotonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

which of these correctly describes the pH of saliva?

a.strongly acidic
b.neutral
c,strongly alkaline
d.slightly alkaline
e,slightly acidic

A

d.slightly alkaline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

acinar secretion, ductal epithelial transport, blood flow via vasoactive intestinal peptide and Ach, ,contraction of acinar myoepithelial cells and flow of enzyme rich saliva are all responses to which type of stimulation?

a.sympathetic
b.parasympathetic

A

b.parasympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

which of these are responsible for secretion of mucous and HCO3- int he stomach

a.columnar epithelial cells
b. tubular cells
c.oxyntic glands
d.pyloric glands
e.crypts of leburkuhn

A

a.columnar epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

which of these are responsible for secretion of HCL, pepsinogen. intrinsic factor, histamine, somatostin and mucous in the stomach

a.columnar epithelial cells
b. tubular cells
c.oxyntic glands
d.pyloric glands
e.crypts of leburkuhn

A

c.oxyntic glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

which of these are responsible for secretion of gastrin and mucous in the stomach

a.columnar epithelial cells
b. tubular cells
c.oxyntic glands
d.pyloric glands
e.crypts of leburkuhn

A

d.pyloric glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

which cells of the oxyntic glands produce mucous

a.mucous neck cells
b.parietal cells
c.enterochromaffin like cells
d.chief cells
e.D cells

A

a.mucous neck cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

which cells of the oxyntic glands produce HCL and intrinsic factor

a.mucous neck cells
b.parietal cells
c.enterochromaffin like cells
d.chief cells
e.D cells

A

b.parietal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

which cells of the oxyntic glands produce histamine

a.mucous neck cells
b.parietal cells
c.enterochromaffin like cells
d.chief cells
e.D cells

A

c.enterochromaffin like cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

which cells of the oxyntic glands produce histamine

a.mucous neck cells
b.parietal cells
c.enterochromaffin like cells
d.chief cells
e.D cells

A

c.enterochromaffin like cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

which cells of the oxyntic glands produce pepsinogen

a.mucous neck cells
b.parietal cells
c.enterochromaffin like cells
d.chief cells
e.D cells

A

d.chief cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

which cells of the oxyntic glands produce somatostatin

a.mucous neck cells
b.parietal cells
c.enterochromaffin like cells
d.chief cells
e.D cells

A

e.D cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what diffuses following CL- exiting parietal cells into the lumen of the canaliculus in response to the negative potential created?

a.Na+
b.K+
c. Ca2+

A

b.K+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

which of these reactions occurs in the parietal cells of oxyntic glands

a.co2 + h2o -> HCO3- + H+
b.co2 + H2O -> H2CO3
c.HCO3- + H+ -> CO2 + H2O

A

a.co2 + h2o -> HCO3- + H+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

H2O passes from the ………… to the ………….. via osmosis during HCL secretion from parietal cells of oxyntic glands

a.lumen of canaliculus , proximal tubule
b.ECF , lumen of caniculus
c.mucous neck cells, ECF

A

b.ECF , lumen of caniculus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Which enzyme is responsible for conversion of water and co2 to hco3- and h+ in the parietal cells during HCL secretion

a.carbonic hydroxylase
b.adenyl cyclase
c.protein kinase A
d.carbonic anhydrase

A

d.carbonic anhydrase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

HCO3- leaves parietal cells into the blood via secondary active transport in exchange for which substance entering the cell?

a.Na+
b.co2
c.Cl-
d.Ca2+
e.Ca2+

A

c.Cl-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what is secreted from 😱 the cholinergic nerve terminals following vagal stimulation

a.HCl
b.Cl-
c.epinephrine
d.acetylcholine

A

d.acetylcholine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

gastrin is secreted by the G cells in pyloric glands in response to which stimulus?

a.food bolus
b.glucose
c.proteins
d.enzymatic release

A

c.proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

histamine is secreted by ECL cells in response to …..

a.HCl
b.Ach
c.gastrin
d.pepsinogen
e.somatostain

A

c.gastrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

what is the correct order of events in stimulation of acid secretion

A

Ach secreted after vagal stimulation

protein stimulates gastrin secretion by G cells in pyloric glands

gastrin stimulates ECL cells to release histamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

which of these substances does not lead to inhibition of gastrin release from g cells in pyloric glands

a.secretin
b.histamine
c.cck
d.GIP

A

b.histamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

intrinsic factor is secreted by parietal cells. It is essential for absorption of which vitamin

a.vit c
b.vit B12
c,vit D
d.vit K

A

b.vit B12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

B12 when dimerised with which substance ,secreted by the parietal cells, protect from GI secretions and enable receptor binding

a.Intrinsic factor
b.histamine
c.pepsinogen
d.somatostatin
e.HCL

A

a.Intrinsic factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

in pernicious anaemia antibodies against the parietal cells lead to a defficiency of which secretion

a.mucous
b.intrinsic factor
c.histamine
d.pepsinogen
d.somatostain

A

b.intrinsic factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

pepsinogen is activated to pepsin in what conditions

a.neutral duodenum pH
b.high stomach pH
c.low stomach pH

A

c.low stomach pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

a break in the epithelial surface leading to inflammation and fibrosis due to a imbalance between acid production and mucosal barrier

A

peptic ulceration

43
Q

infection with which bacteria can lead to a peptic ulcer

a.helicobacter pylori
b.e coli
c.neisseria meningitis
d.streptococcus

A

a.helicobacter pylori

44
Q

which of these drugs can predispose peptic ulcers?

a.ACE inhibitors
b.Beta blockers
c.SGLUT 2 inhibitors
d.NSAIDS

A

d.NSAIDS

45
Q

alkali suspension, protective coatings, proton pump inhibitors, muscarinic receptor blockers , PGE1 analogues, and antibiotics are used to treat which condition

A

peptic ulcer

46
Q

what cells have acid secretion inhibited by proton pump inhibitors in cases of peptic ulcer

a.mucous neck cells
b.parietal cells
c.ECL
d.chief cells
e.d cells

A

b.parietal cells

47
Q

how do PGE1 analogues aid treatment of peptic ulcers

a.alkali suspension
b.inhibition of parietal cell acid secretion
c. reduced stimulation of acid secretion
d.increased mucous production
e.treat helicobacter pylori infection

A

d.increased mucous production

48
Q

how do muscarinic receptor blockers aid treatment of peptic ulcers

a.alkali suspension
b.inhibition of parietal cell acid secretion
c. reduced stimulation of acid secretion
d.increased mucous production
e.treat helicobacter pylori infection

A

c. reduced stimulation of acid secretion

49
Q

alginates and bismuth are examples of what treatment for peptic ulcers

a.proton pump inhibitors
b.muscarinic receptor blockers
c.protective coatings
d.pge1 analogues
e.antibitoics

A

c.protective coatings

50
Q

what is the correct order of phases of pancreatic secretion

a.cephalic, gastric intestinal
b.gastric, cephalic, intestinal
c. intestinal, gastric, cephalic

A

a.cephalic, gastric, intestinal

51
Q

what stimulation is triggered by sight smell thought and taste during the cephalic phase of pancreatic secretion

a.parasympathetic vagal
b.sympathetic vagal

A

a.parasympathetic vagal

52
Q

what triggers vasovagal and gastropancreatic reflexes in the gastric phase of pancreatic secretion

a.smell taste thought
b.stomach distention
c.acid in the intestine

A

b.stomach distention

53
Q

acid in the intestine leads to release of which hormone in the intestinal phase of pancreatic secretion

a. secretin
b.cck
c.epinephrine

A

a. secretin

54
Q

proteins and fatty acid in the intestine leads to release of which hormone in the intestinal phase of pancreatic secretion

a. secretin
b.cck
c.epinephrine

A

b.cck

55
Q

secretion of NaHCO3 from the bile duct is increased by…

a.cck
b.histamine
c.pepsinogen
d.secretin

A

d.secretin

56
Q

what happens following fatty acids in the duodenum triggering a CCK release from I cells

a.gall bladder relaxation
b.gall bladder contraction
c.relaxation of sphincter of oddi

A

b.gall bladder contraction

57
Q

which structure relaxes following cck release from I cells to allow emptying via the common bile duct

a.gall bladder
b.pancreas
c.sphincter of oddi

A

c.sphincter of oddi

58
Q

bile salts are synthesised in which organ from cholesterol

a.pancreas
b.gall bladder
c.liver
d.kidney

A

c.liver

59
Q

what are the 2 functions of bile salts

A

emulsification increasing sa for lipases

combine with lipid digestion products to form micelles for absorption

60
Q

inactive precursors of proteases and peptidases are activated by which enzyme

a.carbonic anhydrase
c.protein kinase a
d,enterokinase

A

d,enterokinase

61
Q

which of these enzymes secreted by the pancreas does not convert proteases polypetides to polypeptides and amino acids

a.trypsin
b.chymotrypsin
c.carboxypeptidase
d.pepsin

A

d.pepsin

converts proteins to the proteoses and polypeptides in first stage

62
Q

which of these secreted by the pancreas enzymes converts polypeptides and amino acids to amino acids

a.trypsin
b.chymotrypsin
c.carboxypeptidase
d.pepsin
e.peptidases

A

e.peptidases

63
Q

which of these pancreatic enzymes hydrolyses starcg, glycogen and carbohydrates to oligosaccharides

a.trypsin
b.chymotrypsin
c.carboxypeptidase
d.pepsin
e.amylase

A

e.amylase

64
Q

which of these pancreatic lipases hydrolyses triglycerides to monoglycerides and FFAs

a.cholesterol esterase
b.pancreatic lipase
c.phospholipase A2

A

b.pancreatic lipase

65
Q

which of these pancreatic lipases is responsible for hydrolysis of cholesterol esters

a.cholesterol esterase
b.pancreatic lipase
c.phospholipase A2

A

a.cholesterol esterase

66
Q

which of these pancreatic lipases is responsible for hydrolysis of phospholipids to form fatty acids

a.cholesterol esterase
b.pancreatic lipase
c.phospholipase A2

A

c.phospholipase A2

67
Q

what type of epithelium are HCO3- and H2O secreted by?

a.acinar
b.tubular
c.ssk

A

a.acinar

68
Q

H+  blood
Na+ + HCO3-  lumen
 osmotic gradient
HCO3- / Cl- exchange in pancreatic ducts

A
69
Q

what is regulation of pancreatic stimulation primarily regulated by

a.food in large intestine
b.food in stomach
c.food in small intestine

A

c.food in small intestine

70
Q

what is the effect of somatostatin on surpression of pancreatic secretion

a.stimulation
b.surpression

A

b.surpression

71
Q

what effect do secretin, cck and ach have on pancreatic secretion

a.stimulate
b.surpression

A

a.stimulate

72
Q

where are bile salts reabsorbed via initial passive diffusion and later active transport from?

a.pancreas
b.liver
c.large intestine
d.small intestine

A

d.small intestine

73
Q

rate of enterohepatic recirculation of bile salts is conrolled by what?

a.enzymatic action
b.enterohepatic availability

A

b.enterohepatic availability

74
Q

what is bilirubin bound to when it is transported in the blood?

a.ferritin
b. albumin
c,transferrin

A

b. albumin

75
Q

what is bilirubin conjugated to in the liver?

a.glucuronic acid
b.bilirubin glucuronide
c.urobilinogen
c.urobilin

A

a.glucuronic acid

76
Q

following bilirubin conjugation in the liver to glucuronide what is formed prior to bile?

a.glucuronic acid
b.bilirubin glucuronide
c.urobilinogen
c.urobilin

A

b.bilirubin glucuronide

77
Q

circulating urobilinogen us known as?

a.glucuronic acid
b.bilirubin glucuronide
c.urobilinogen
c.urobilin

A

c.urobilin

78
Q

intestinal urobilinogen is known as..

a.glucuronic acid
b.bilirubin glucuronide
c.urobilinogen
c.urobilin
d.stercobilin

A

d.stercobilin

79
Q

yellowing of the eyes , skin ans mucous membranes due to an increase in plasma billirubin

A

jaundice

80
Q

in what type of jaundice does haemolysis lead to excess bilirubin production (often found in sickle cell anaemia and haemolytic disease of newborns)?

a.pre hepatic
b.hepatic
c.post hepatic

A

a.pre hepatic

81
Q

what type of jaundice is caused by the inability of the liver to conjugate/excrete billirubin (linked to hepatitis and alcoholic liver disease)?

a.pre hepatic
b.hepatic
c.post hepatic

A

b.hepatic

82
Q

what type of jaundice is caused by an obstruction of the bile duct (eg gallstones and pancreatic carcinoma)?

a.pre hepatic
b.hepatic
c.post hepatic

A

c.post hepatic

83
Q

kernicterus

A

Kernicterus is a type of brain damage that can result from high levels of bilirubin in a baby’s blood.

84
Q

which glands of the intestine are responsible for protection of the duodenal mucosa against digestion

a.brunners
b.cryts of lieberkuhn

A

a.brunners

85
Q

which monosaccharide is absorbed via Na+ dependent active transport

a. glucose
b.fructose
c.sucrose

A

a. glucose

86
Q

which monosaccharide is absorbed via facilitated diffusion

a. glucose
b.fructose
c.sucrose

A

b.fructose

87
Q

how do absorbed monosaccharides enter the mucosal capillaries

a. active transport
b.diffusion
c.facilitated diffusion

A

c.facilitated diffusion

88
Q

how are proteins absorbed as short peptides and amino acids?

a.1 active transport
n.2 active transport
c.diffusion

A

n.2 active transport

89
Q

which transporter is used for H+ co transport of peptides into the cell

a.sodium potassium pump
b. na+/h+ exchanger
c.carrier molecule

A

c.carrier molecule

90
Q

absorption of amino acids into mucosal capillaries occurs via which type of transport

a.facilitated diffusion
b.simple diffusion
c.active transport
d.bus

A

a.facilitated diffusion

91
Q

following breakdown by pancreatic lipase and transport to the epithelial border in micelles how to monoglycerides and ffa enter the epotherlial membrane

a.facilitated diffusion
b.simple diffusion
c.active transport
d.bus
c.active transport
d.bus

A

b.simple diffusion

92
Q

what happens to monoglycerides and FFAs in the ER

a.reconstituted into triglycerides then chylomicrons

b.reconstituted into chylomicrons then triglycerides

A

a.reconstituted into triglycerides then chylomicrons

93
Q

following excocytosis via lacteals from the basolateral membrane how are chylomicrons transported to the blood

a.via gall bladder
b. via lymph nodes
c.via inguinal canal
d.via thoracic duct

A

d.via thoracic duct

94
Q

which type of chyme decreases intestinal osmolarity and so increases water absorption

a,concentrated
b.dilute

A

b.dilute

95
Q

what is the correct order of steps for sodium absorption

A

active transport of sodium into paracellular space by na k pump

cl- follows by diffusion

na enters epithelium by facilitated diffusion

water enters cells then paracellular space via osmosis

absorbed into mucosal capillaries

96
Q

which vitamins are absorbed within the fats they are dissolved?

a. a d e k
b.c b2

A

a. a d e k

97
Q

which vitamins diffuse across intestinal mucosa?

a. a d e k
b.c b2

A

b.c b2

98
Q

in the abscence of IF blood binds to transcobalamin 2 what type of anaemia does this lead to?

a.haemolytic
b.iron defficiency
c.pernicious

A

c.pernicious

99
Q

what hormone leads to renal activation of vit D , increasing ca binding protein in epithelium and ca atpase in the basolateral membrane

a.adrenaline
b.insulin
c.parathyroid
d.adh

A

c.parathyroid

100
Q

what type of feedback is intestinal absorption of ca2+

a.negative ffedback of pth
b.posiitve feedback of pth

A

a.negative ffedback of pth

101
Q

lack of iron absorped and available for haemoglobin synthesis leads to which type of anaemia

a.penicious
b.haemolytic
c.microcytic
d.macrocytic

A

c.microcytic

102
Q

what substance does fe combine with to bind ti a epithelial membrane receptor

a.albumin
b.transferrin
c.ferritin

A

b.transferrin

103
Q

what does fe bind to in the blood

a.plasma ferritin
b.plasma transferrin

A

b.plasma transferrin

104
Q

what happens to membrane receptors in fe defficiency eg blood loss

a.increase
b.decrease

A

a.increase

so increased absoprtion

GERR (53 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions