Histology - Endocrine microanatomy Flashcards
which type of gland secretes substances into a ductal system
a.endocrine
b.exocrine
b.exocrine
which glands are formed from the isolation of the growing bud of cells from the surface epithelium
a.exocrine
b.endocrine
b.endocrine
(then acquires its own blood supply )
what hangs from the hypothalamus by the infundibular stalk
a.sphenoid sinus]
b.sella turcica
c.pituitary gland
c.pituitary gland
located in stella turcica of sphenoid bone encloed in CT capsule
which part of the pituitary is known as the adenohypophysis
a.anterior
b.posterior
a.anterior
(glands)
which part of the pituitary is known as the neurohypophysis
a.anterior
b.posterior
b.posterior
(neurons)
what is the anterior lobe of the pituitary formed from
a.neuroectoderm
b.rathkes pouch (buccal ectoderm)
b.rathkes pouch (buccal ectoderm)
what is the posterior lobe of the pituitary formed from
a.neuroectoderm
b.rathkes pouch (buccal ectoderm)
a.neuroectoderm
the infundibular stalk attaches the hypothalamus to which part of the pituitary
a.anterior
b.posterior
c.superior
d.inferior
b.posterior
hat is the body of the posterior pituitary known as
a. infundibular stalk
b.pars nervosa
c.pars tuberalis
d. pars intermedia
e.pars distalis
b.pars nervosa
what is the part of the anterior pituitary that wraps around the infudibular stalk known as
a. infundibular stalk
b.pars nervosa
c.pars tuberalis
d. pars intermedia
e.pars distalis
c.pars tuberalis
what is the part of the anterior pituitary that lies between the anterior and posterior pituitary is known as
a. infundibular stalk
b.pars nervosa
c.pars tuberalis
d. pars intermedia
e.pars distalis
d. pars intermedia
what is the part of the anterior pituitary that makes up the body is known as
a. infundibular stalk
b.pars nervosa
c.pars tuberalis
d. pars intermedia
e.pars distalis
e.pars distalis
what are the cells of the anterior pituitary classified based on
histochemical staining
now based on secretory product
cells of thre anterior pituitary that stain brightly coloured are known as
a.chromophils
b.chromophobes
a.chromophils
arranged in nests or cords
surrounded by numerous capillaries
2 subtypes - acidophips and basophils
which type of cell found in the anterior pituitary are glandular cells arranged in nests or cords surrounded by numerous capillaries
a.chromophils
b.chromophobes
a.chromophils
bright staining
acidophips
basophils
what are the pale staining chromophobe cells found in the anterior pituitary
a.immature chromophils
b.quiescent chromophils
c.mutated chromophils
b.quiescent chromophils
what do somatotrophs secrete
a.growth hormone
b.prolactin
c.ACTH
d.TSH
e.FSH and LH
a. growth hormone
anterior pituitary classifcation of cells based on secretory products
what do mammotrophs secrete
a.growth hormone
b.prolactin
c.ACTH
d.TSH
e.FSH and LH
b.prolactin
what do corticotrophs secrete
a.growth hormone
b.prolactin
c.ACTH
d.TSH
e.FSH and LH
c.ACTH
what do thyrotrophs secrete
a.growth hormone
b.prolactin
c.ACTH
d.TSH
e.FSH and LH
d.TSH
what do gonadotrophs secrete
a.growth hormone
b.prolactin
c.ACTH
d.TSH
e.FSH and LH
e.FSH and LH
what cell type makes up the majority of the cells in the anterior pituitary when classified by secretory product
a. chromophobes
b.chromophils
c.somatotropphs
d.mammotrophs
e.corticotrophs
c.somatotropphs
how does the posterior pituitary stain
a.bright
b.pale
b.pale
unmyelinated axons axons of neurosecretory cell bodies found in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus
what do the axons of the neurosecretory cell bodies found in the suprapotic nucleus of the hypothalamus secrete
a,ADH
b.ACTH
c.adrenaline
d.oxytocin
e.CRH
a,ADH
what do the axons of the neurosecretory cell bodies found in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus secrete
a,ADH
b.ACTH
c.adrenaline
d.oxytocin
e.CRH
d.oxytocin
dilations of axons for the storage of hormones are knwon as
a.sella turcica
b.herring bodies
c.paraventricular nuclei
d.supraoptic nuclei
b.herring bodies
the hypophyseal system is a system of blood vessels connecting the hypothalamus to..\
a.anterior pituitary
b.posterior pituitary
a.anterior pituitary
what surfaces of the upper trachea is the thyroid found on
a,posterior, lateral
b.anterior, lateral
c. posterior, inferior
b.anterior, lateral
parathyroids sit posteriorly to the thyroid gland
how many parathyroids are there in total
a.2
b.4
c.3
d.1
b.4
a superior and inferior on each side
what is goitre ?
swelling of the neck (enlargement of the thyroid)
can be associated with abnormal functioning of the thyroid
ef hypo/hyper thyroidism , cancer, iodine defficiency
the thyroid gland is composed of follicles lined with ..
a.epithelium
b.endothelium
c.thyrocytes
d.herring bodies
c.thyrocytes
thyroid epithelial cells
which cell type is most numerous in the thyroid gland
a. follicular cells
b. c cells
c. somatotrophs
d.chromophobes
a. follicular cells
have an apical surface lined with microvilli
produce t3 and t4
regulate cell and tissue metabolic rate
which cells of the thyroid gland produce calcitonin
a. follicular cells
b. c cells
c. somatotrophs
d.chromophobes
b. c cells
parafollicular
located between follicles or ate periphery
what effect does calcitonin have on blood calcium
a,increase
b.decrease
b.decrease
ow does calcitonin decrease blood calcium levels
a.increase resorpbtion by osteoclasts and decrease formation by osteoblasts
b. decrease resorption by osteoblasts and increase formation by osteoclasts
c.decrease resorption by osteoclasts and increase formation by osteoblasts
c.decrease resorption by osteoclasts and increase formation by osteoblasts
which cells of the thyroid produce T3 and T4
a. follicular cells
b. c cells
c. somatotrophs
d.chromophobes
a. follicular cells
the inactive form of T3 andf T4 is prouduced by follicular cells and is known thyroglobulin stored as colloid where is it stored
a. in follicular cells
b.in thyrocytes
c. in c cells
d.in centre of follicle
d.in centre of follicle
stimulation by which hormone from the anterior pituitary causes thyroglobulin to be reabsorbed and broken down by lysosmes to t4 and t3
a.ACTH
b.ADH
c.TSH
d.FSH
c.TSH
from thyrotrophs
in a situation of hyperthyroidism what happens to the amount of collloid
a.increase
b.decrease
b.decrease
increased TSH
stimulates more resorbtion of colloid for conversion to t3 and t4
less colloid left
in a situation of hypothyroidism what happens to the amount of collloid
a.increase
b.decrease
a.increase
decreased TSH
less resorbtion of colloid for conversion to t3 and t4
where the adrenal glands found
a.spehnoid bone
b. below hypothalamus
c.above kidneys
d.below kidneys
c.above kidneys
which part of the adrenal gland produces steroid hormones
a.cortex
b.medulla
a.cortex
which part of the adrenal gland produces catecholamines
a.cortex
b.medulla
b.medulla
which zone of the adrenal cortex is made up of rounded groups of cells producing mineralocorticoids eg aldosterone
a.zona glomerulosa (outer)
b.zona fasiculata ( middle)
c.zona reticularis ( inner)
a.zona glomerulosa (outer)
which zone of the adrenal cortex is made up of long cells in columns that produce glucorticoids under control of ACTH from the anterior pituitary
a.zona glomerulosa (outer)
b.zona fasiculata ( middle)
c.zona reticularis ( inner)
b.zona fasiculata ( middle)
which zone of the adrenal cortex is made up of cells arranged in branching irregular networks producing androgens
a.zona glomerulosa (outer)
b.zona fasiculata ( middle)
c.zona reticularis ( inner)
c.zona reticularis ( inner)
what 4 cell types are found in the islets of langerhans
alpha
beta
delta
f cells
which cells of the islets of langerhans produce somatostatin
a. alpha
b.beta
c.delta
d. f
c.delta
which cells of the islets of langerhans produce pancreatic polypeptide
a. alpha
b.beta
c.delta
d. f
d. f
which cell type is found diffusely arranged in the GI epithelium
a.alpha
b.beta
c.endocrine
d.enteroendocrine
d.enteroendocrine
secrete peptides eg gastrin, motilin, secretin
which of these hormones stimulates gastric acid secretion
a.gastrin
b. cholecystokinin
c.motilin
d.secretin
a.gastrin
which of these hormones stimulates gall baldder contraction
a.gastrin
b. cholecystokinin
c.motilin
d.secretin
b. cholecystokinin
which of these hormones stimulates gastric and intestinal motility
a.gastrin
b. cholecystokinin
c.motilin
d.secretin
c.motilin
which of these hormones stimulates pancreatic enzyme secretion and inhibits gastric acid secretion
a.gastrin
b. cholecystokinin
c.motilin
d.secretin
d.secretin
what 2 elements make up the gastrointestinal eneteroendocrine pancreatic system
islets of langerhans , enteroendocrine cells
