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GERR > Physiology- Hypothalamus and pituitary system > Flashcards

Physiology- Hypothalamus and pituitary system Flashcards

1
Q

when cells communicate via chemical messengers affecting neighbouring cells only it is known as

a.autocrine
b.paracrine
c.endocrine
d.exocrine

A

b.paracrine

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2
Q

when cells communicate via chemical messengers affecting only the secreting cell it is known as

a.autocrine
b.paracrine
c.hormonal
d.neurohormone

A

a.autocrine

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3
Q

histamine, NO and some growth factors are examples of what type of messengers

a. neurotransmitters
b.paracrine/autocrine

A

b.paracrine/autocrine

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4
Q

thyroid hormone and adrenaline are communicators in which type of chemical signalling

a.autocrine
b.paracrine
c.hormonal
d.neurohormone

A

c.hormonal

secreted into blood by endocrine cells

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5
Q

anti diuretic hormone is a communicator in which type of chemical signalling

a.autocrine
b.paracrine
c.hormonal
d.neurohormone

A

d. neurohormone

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6
Q

what does the nervous system act on

a.neighbouring cells only
b.muscle, glands and neurons
c.cells throughout body
d.neurons

A

b.muscle, glands and neurons

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7
Q

norephedrine is an example of which type of hormone that is made up of amino acids with modified groups

a.amine hormone
b.peptide hormone
c.protein hormone
d.steroid hormone

A

a.amine hormone

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8
Q

oxytocin is an example of which type of hormone made up of long chains of linked amino acids

a.amine hormone
b.peptide hormone
c.protein hormone
d.steroid hormone

A

b.peptide hormone

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9
Q

human growth hormone is an example of which type of hormone made up of long chains of linked amino acids

a.amine hormone
b.peptide hormone
c.protein hormone
d.steroid hormone

A

c.protein hormone

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10
Q

testosterone and progesterone are examples of which type of hormone derived from cholesterol

a.amine hormone
b.peptide hormone
c.protein hormone
d.steroid hormone

A

d.steroid hormone

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11
Q

what type of hormone is norephedrine

a.amine
b.peptide
c.protein
d.steroid

A

a.amine

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12
Q

what type of hormone is oxytocin

a.amine
b.peptide
c.protein
d.steroid

A

b.peptide

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13
Q

what type of hormone is human growth hormone

a.amine
b.peptide
c.protein
d.steroid

A

c.protein

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14
Q

what type of hormone are testosterone and progesterone

a.amine
b.peptide
c.protein
d.steroid

A

d.steroid

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15
Q

what is the stimulus for release of hypothalamic hormones, posterior pituitary hormones and catecholamines

a.direct neural innervation
b.release of hormones from the hypothalamus
c.plasma levels

A

a.direct neural innervation

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16
Q

most amine, peptide and protein hormone are found in which form

a.free
b.bound to binding proteins

A

a.free

active form
binds to hormone receptor

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17
Q

the majority of globulins, albumin, steroid and thyroid hormones are normally found in which form

a.free
b.bound to proteins

A

b.bound to proteins

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18
Q

which of these hormones increases cyclic AMP as a second messenger

a. glucagon, ash,hcg, lh, 4th, fsh

b.prolactin

c.oxytocin, ash, ghrh

d.NO

e.insulin

A

a. glucagon, ash,hcg, lh, 4th, fsh

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19
Q

which of these hormones decreases cyclic AMP as a second messenger

a. glucagon, ash,hcg, lh, 4th, fsh

b.prolactin

c.oxytocin, ash, ghrh

d.NO

e.insulin

A

b.prolactin

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20
Q

which of these hormones activates DAG and IP3 as a second messenger

a. glucagon, ash,hcg, lh, 4th, fsh

b.prolactin

c.oxytocin, ash, ghrh

d.NO

e.insulin

A

c.oxytocin, ash, ghrh

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21
Q

which of these hormones activates cyclic GMP as a second messenger

a. glucagon, ash,hcg, lh, 4th, fsh

b.prolactin

c.oxytocin, ash, ghrh

d.NO

e.insulin

A

d.NO

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22
Q

which of these hormones activates tyrosine kinase as a second messenger

a. glucagon, ash,hcg, lh, 4th, fsh

b.prolactin

c.oxytocin, ash, ghrh

d.NO

e.insulin

A

e.insulin

23
Q

which of these groups of hormones work by a steroid mechanism

a.ACTH, glucagon, ash

b.cortisol, aldosterone, testosterone, oestrogen, progesterone and vitamin D

c.thyroid hormones

d.cortisol, aldosterone, testosterone, oestrogen, progesterone and vitamin B12

A

b.cortisol, aldosterone, testosterone, oestrogen, progesterone and vitamin D

24
Q

which of these groups of hormones undertake signal transduction via nuclear receptors

a.ACTH, glucagon, ash

b.cortisol, aldosterone, testosterone, oestrogen, progesterone and vitamin D

c.thyroid hormones

d.cortisol, aldosterone, testosterone, oestrogen, progesterone and vitamin B12

A

c.thyroid hormones

25
Q

what are the 2 lobes of the pituitary gland

a.superior and inferior
b.right and left
c.anterior and posterior

A

c.anterior and posterior

26
Q

what is the posterior pituitary connected to the hypothalamus via

a. neural pathway
b.vascular pathway
c.neurovascular pathway

A

a. neural pathway

27
Q

what is the anterior pituitary connected to the hypothalamus via

a. neural pathway
b.vascular pathway
c.neurovascular pathway

A

b.vascular pathway

28
Q

which lobe of the pituitary gland is known as the adenohypophysis

a.anterior
b/posterior

A

a.anterior

aa

29
Q

which low of the pituitary is known as the neurohypophysis

a.anterior
b.posterior

A

b.posterior

30
Q

what is secreted from the hypothalamus and posterior pituitary neuroendocrine system

a.ADH and oxytocin
b.FSH and serotonin
c.ADH and serotonin
d.Adrenaline and noradrenaline

A

a.ADH and oxytocin

31
Q

which lobe of the pituitary combines with the hypothalamus to form the neuroendocrine system that secretes ADH and oxytocin

a. anterior
b.posterior

A

b.posterior

32
Q

what is the function of oxytocin

a.stimulates uterine contraction and milk ejection

b.increases H2O permeability and absorption in renal collecting ducts and vasoconstrictor

A

a.stimulates uterine contraction and milk ejection

33
Q

what is the function of ADH

a.stimulates uterine contraction and milk ejection

b.increases H2O permeability and absorption in renal collecting ducts and vasoconstrictor

c.decreases H2O permeability and absorption in renal collecting ducts and vasodilator

A

b.increases H2O permeability and absorption in renal collecting ducts and vasoconstrictor

34
Q

hormones that effect the secretion of other hormones are known as

a. exocrine
b.tropic
c.endocrine
d.paracrine

A

b.tropic

35
Q

what hormones are mainly secreted by the anterior pituitary

a. TSH, FSH,LH,ACTH,MSH
b.ADH and oxytocin

A

a. TSH, FSH, ACTH, LH,MSH

tropic hormones

36
Q

TSH is a tropic hormone secreted from the anterior pituitary gland it stimulates secretion of which hormone from the thyroid gland

a.thyroid hormone
b.FSH
c.ACTH
d.MSH
e.adrenaline

A

a.thyroid hormone

37
Q

which of these hormones stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids

a. ACTH
b.GH
c.MSH
d.TSH
e.FSH and LH

A

a. ACTH

38
Q

which of these hormones regulates metabolism and promotes tissue growth of bone and muscle

a. ACTH
b.GH
c.MSH
d.TSH
e.FSH and LH

A

b.GH

growth hormone

39
Q

which of these hormones stimulates growth and activity of the thyroid gland and secretion of T2 and T4

a. ACTH
b.GH
c.MSH
d.TSH
e.FSH and LH

A

d.TSH

thyroid stimulating hormone

40
Q

which of these hormones stimulates stimulates production and secretionof sperm in testes , secretion of oestrogen by the ovaries and maturation of ovarian follicles, stimulates secretion of progesterone by the corpus lutem and ovulation

a. ACTH
b.GH
c.MSH
d.TSH
e.FSH and LH

A

e.FSH and LH

gonadotropins

41
Q

what are the 2 factors that regulate anterior pituitary hormone secretion

A

hypothalamic hormones
feedback by target gland hormones

(the anterior pituitary releases tropic hormones)

42
Q

which hormones inhibit/stimulate the secretion of hormones by the anterior pituitary

a.tropic
b. hypophysiotropic

A

b. hypophysiotropic

GHRH
GHIH
TRH
CRH
PRH
PIH
GnRH

3 hormone sequence

43
Q

what are the 3 parts of the hypothalamic- anterior pituitary negative feedback control system

A

hypophysiotrophic hormone
anterior pituitary hormone
peripheral target endocrine gland hormone (surprises secretion of trophic hormone from pituitary- long loop)

44
Q

when too little of a hormone is secreted due to an abnormality within a gland it is known as

a. primary hyposecretion

b. secondary hypo secretion

c.tertiary hypo secretion

d.hypersecretion

A

a. primary hyposecretion

can be caused by..

genetics
diet (lack of iodine)
chemicals
autoimmune disease
cancer

45
Q

when too little of a hormone is secreted by a target gland due to a deficiency of its tropic hormone the gland itself is normal

a. primary hyposecretion

b. secondary hypo secretion

c.tertiary hypo secretion

d.hypersecretion

A

b. secondary hypo secretion

46
Q

when the gland is normal but too little hormone is secreted due to deficiency of the hypothalamic releasing hormone it is known as

a. primary hyposecretion

b. secondary hypo secretion

c.tertiary hypo secretion

d.hypersecretion

A

c.tertiary hypo secretion

47
Q

panhypopituirarism

A

condition in which secretion of all hormones secreted by pituitary are reduced

causes diabetes insipidus
dwarfism
hypothyroidism

48
Q

what is the main cause of hyper secretion

A

tumours that ignore normal regulatory input and continuously secrete excess hormone

49
Q

hyper secretion caused by an abnormality within a gland is known as

a.primary
b.secondary
c.tertiary

A

a.primary

50
Q

hyper secretion caused by excessive stimulation from outside the gland is known as

a.primary
b.secondary
c.tertiary

A

b.secondary
c.tertiary

51
Q

an increase in which hormone causes Cushings disease

a.ACTH
b.prolactin
c.ADH
d.TSH
e.hGH

A

a.ACTH

52
Q

an increase in which hormone causes impaired reproductive function

a.ACTH
b.prolactin
c.ADH
d.TSH
e.hGH

A

b.prolactin

53
Q

an increase in which hormone causes fluid retention and low plasma osmolality

a.ACTH
b.prolactin
c.ADH
d.TSH
e.hGH

A

c.ADH

54
Q

an increase in which hormone causes graves disease
a.ACTH
b.prolactin
c.ADH
d.TSH
e.hGH

A

d.TSH

GERR (53 decks)

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