Physiology - Male Reproductive physiology Flashcards
what is the main function of the testes
a.production of the male gamete
b.storage of the male gamete
c.production of male sex hormones
a.production of the male gamete
c.production of male sex hormones
where does spermatogenesis take place
a.seminiferous tubules
b.epididymis
c.testis
d.interstitial leydig cells
a.seminiferous tubules
what make up the accessory glands of the male reproductive tract
prostate
bulbourethral
seminal vesicles
what structure do the testes descend down during development so at birth they lie within the scrotum
a. inguinal canal
b.abdomen
c. pelvic brim
d. superior anterior iliac spines
e.pubic tubercule
a. inguinal canal
cryptorchidism
undescended testes
can lead to infertility and increased risk of cancer
treated by surgery
why are the testes external to the abdomen
a.decrease temp 2-3 degrees below core
b.decrease temp 5-7 degrees below core
c. decrease temp 1-2 degrees below core
a.decrease temp 2-3 degrees below core
what is the ideal temp of the testes
a.37 degrees
b. 35 degrees
c.32 degrees
c.32 degrees
which muscle alters the distance the scrotal sac hangs from the abdomen to conserve heat in cold conditions nd allow ventilation in hot conditions
a.levator ani
b.ileococcygeus
c.pubococcygeus
d.coccygeus
e.cremaster
e.cremaster
what should be avoided by males trying to concieve
hot baths
insulated athletic supporters
how many stages make up sperm formation
a.1
b.2
c.3
d.4
d.4
what are the diploid precursors to haploid gametes known as
a.spermatogonia
b.spermatids
c.spermatazoa
a.spermatogonia
where are the spermatagonium found
a.basal lamina of seminiferous tubules
b. lumen of seminiferous tubules
c.between epididymis and female genital tract
a.basal lamina of seminiferous tubules
spertmatogenesis
formation of haploid gametes (spermatids) from diploid precursors - spermatgonium
spermiogenesis
haploid gametes (spermatids) undergoing tructural changes to render them motile (spermatazoa)
spermiation
release of spermatazoa into the lumen of the seminiferous tubule
stages of sperm formation
spermatogenesis - spermatagonia -> spermatids
spermiogenesis -> spermtids -> spermatazoa
spermiation - spermatazoa -> lumen of tubules
capacitation - spermatazoa capable of fertilisation
when does sperm production begin
a.pre birth
b.birth
c.childhood
d.puberty
d.puberty
how do spermatagonia divide with one of the cells made eventually becoming a spermatazoa and the other left behind as a permanaent reserve
a,mitosis
b.meiosis
a,mitosis
what is formed from meiosis 1
a. primary spermatocyte
b.secondary spermatocytes
d.spermatids
c.spermatazoa
b.secondary spermatocytes (haploid n+ n per cell)
what is formed from meiosis 2
a. primary spermatocyte
b.secondary spermatocytes
d.spermatids
c.spermatazoa
d.spermatids (n per cell haploid)
which 3 processes do the spermatids undergo to become motile spermatazoa
a.spermeogenesis, spermiation, capacitation
b.spermatogenesis, spermiation, capacitation
c.spermiation, spermeogenesis and spermatogenesis
a.spermeogenesis, spermiation, capacitation
made from spermatogenesis
which cell type nourish the developing sperm cell , phagocytoses old cells and protects the sperm from blood borne toxins
a.leydig
b.sertoli
b.sertoli
what type of junctions are found between the sertoli cell and the basement membrane
a.tight
b.loose
a.tight
which of these substances can pass through the sertoli cell barrier
a.proteins
b.steroids
b.steroids
which cells secrete sperm into the lumen of the seminiferous tubule ( spermiation) along with tubule fluid
where are the centrioles of the sperm found
a. head
b.neck
c.tail
b.neck
where do sperm undergo capacitation
a.seminiferous tubule
b.epididymis
c. uterus
c. uterus
which hormone released daily from the hypothalamus keeps the process of gamete formation and testosterone production ticking over
a. Gonadotrophin releasing hormone
b.FSH
c.LH
d.testosterone
a. Gonadotrophin releasing hormone
GRH is carried in the hypophyseal circulation until it reaches the anterior pituitary where it stimulates the release of..
a. Gonadotrophin releasing hormone
b.FSH
c.LH
d.testosterone
b.FSH
c.LH
which cells does LH work on causing them to release testosterone
a.leydig
b.sertoli
a.leydig
which cells does FSH work on acting with testosterone to promote spermatogenesis
a.leydig
b.sertoli
b.sertoli
feedback control of male sex hormones is exterted by what acting directly on LH production and GRH production
a. Gonadotrophin releasing hormone
b.FSH
c.LH
d.testosterone
d.testosterone
and hormone inhibition of FSH production
hat causes the male phenotype in utero , causing pre natal structural changes that result in the external male genitalia and devlops and maintains the male reproductive system
a. Gonadotrophin releasing hormone
b.FSH
c.LH
d.testosterone
d.testosterone
what causes the male adolescent growth spurt and subsequent fusion of the epiphyses
a. Gonadotrophin releasing hormone
b.FSH
c.LH
d.testosterone
d.testosterone
which nerves are activated in the erection reflex
a.parasympathetic dilator nerves
b.sympathetic constrictor nerves
a.parasympathetic dilator nerves
drugs that ………….. NO and cyclic GMP are used in treatment of erectile dysfunction
a.increase
b.decrease
a.increase
how many phases does ejaculation occur in?
a.1
b.2
c3
d.4
b.2
what is the first phase of ejaculation, in which a symp nerve reflex stimulates nerves in the smooth muscle walls of the epididymis, vas deferens and acccessory glands, known as
a.emission
b.expulsion
c.capacitation
a.emission
what type of nerve reflex stimulates nerves in the smooth muscle walls of the epididymis, vas deferens and acccessory glands to cause emission
a.sympathetic
b.parasympathetic
a.sympathetic
which stage of ejaculation forms semen which is deposited in the urethra
a.emission
b.expulsion
a.emission
which stage of ejaculation relies on reflex contraction of the skeletal muscle around the base of the penis
a.emission
b.expulsion
b.expulsion
which muscle is mainly invlved in the sekeltal muscle reflex contractions at the base of the penis during expulsion
a.levator ani
b. corpus spongiosum
c.bulbocavernosus
c.bulbocavernosus
which element of the semen contains frucotse , prostaglandin and semen clotting agents
a.fluid from seminal vesicle
b.prostate fluid
c.bulbulourethral gland mucous
a.fluid from seminal vesicle
which element of the semen contains citrate and proteases to breakdown clotted semen
a.fluid from seminal vesicle
b.prostate fluid
c.bulbulourethral gland mucous
b.prostate fluid
PSA secreted - marker of prostate cancer
which element of the semen helps lubricate the urethra
a.fluid from seminal vesicle
b.prostate fluid
c.bulbulourethral gland mucous
c.bulbulourethral gland mucous
