Physiology - Gastromotility Flashcards
which stage of swallowing comes first?
a.voluntary
b.pharangeal
c.osophageal
a.voluntary
in what stage of swallowing is food bolus squeezed into pharynx by the tongue?
a.oral
b.pharangeal
c.osophageal
a.oral
in what stage of swallowing is food moved into the osophagus?
a.oral
b.pharangeal
c.osophageal
b.pharangeal
in what stage of swallowing is food moved from the pharynx to the stomach?
a.oral
b.pharangeal
c.osophageal
c.osophageal
what activates the swallowing centre (medulla oblongata) to stimulate somatic and parasympathetic nerves
a.pharangeal mechanoreceptors
b.larangeal mechanoreceptors
c. pharangeal chemoreceptors
d.laryngeal chemoreceptors
a.pharangeal mechanoreceptors
what happens immediately following somatic and parasympathetic nerves activation in the pharangeal stage of swallowing
a.activation of phrangeal mechanoreceptors
b.automatic phrangeal contraction
c. upper oesophageal sphincter relaxes
d.pharangeal peristalsis
b.automatic phrangeal contraction
what happens following the automatic pharyngeal contraction in the pharangeal stage of swallowing
a.activation of phrangeal mechanoreceptors
b.automatic phrangeal contraction
c. upper oesophageal sphincter relaxes
d.pharangeal peristalsis
c. upper oesophageal sphincter relaxes
soft palate preventing nasal reflux, palatopharangeal contraction, vocal cord approximation and larynx moving upwards to close the epiglottis occurs in which part of the pharangeal phase of swallowing
a.upper oesophageal sphincter relaxation
b.pharangeal peristalsis
c.automatic pharangeal contraction
c.automatic pharangeal contraction
what occurs after automatic pharangeal contraction
a.activation of the swallowing centre (medulla oblongata)
b.upper osophageal sphincter relaxation
c.pharangeal peristalsis
b.upper osophageal sphincter relaxation
what occurs after relaxatrion of the upper oesophageal sphincter
a.activation of the swallowing centre (medulla oblongata)
b.automatic pharyngeal contraction
c.pharangeal peristalsis
c.pharangeal peristalsis
what occurs in primary peristalsis during the oesophageal stage of swallowing
a.food bolus squeezed into pharynx by tongue
b.oesophageal distention
c.food bolus in oesophagus
c.food bolus in oesophagus
what occurs in secondary peristalsis during the oesophageal stage of swallowing
a.food bolus squeezed into pharynx by tongue
b.oesophageal distention
c.food bolus in oesophagus
b.oesophageal distention
what type of muscle is found in the upper 1/3 of the oesophagus
a.striated
b.smooth
c.cardiac
a.striated
what type of muscle is found in the lower 2/3 of the oesophagus
a.striated
b.smooth
c.cardiac
b.smooth
which nerves innervate the musculature of the oesophagus?
a.glossopharangeal and vagus
b. vagus and median
c.pharangeal and vagus
a.glossopharangeal and vagus
what happens to the stomacg during the oesophageal stage of swallowing when it recieves food from lower oesophageal peristalsis?
a.contraction
b.relaxation
b.relaxation
the vagovagal reflex allowing for storage in the fundus and body of stomach causes what response?
a.receptive contraction
b.receptive relaxation
b.receptive relaxation
in which part of the stomach is food mixed with gastric gland secretions to form chyme
a.fundus
b.corpia
c.body
d.antrum
d.antrum
peristaltic contractions of which part of the stomach in combination with constriction of pylric sphincter allows for emptying at a controlled rate?
a.corpia
b.body
c.fundus
d.antrum
d.antrum
what happens to the pyloric sphincter and stomach following activation of the vomiting centre in the medulla oblongata
a.contraction
b.relaxation
b.relaxation
what happens to the duodenum following activation of the vomiting centre (medulla oblongata)
a.relaxation
b.contraction
b.contraction
what happens to the glottis and soft palate following activation of the vomiting centre (medulla oblongata)
a.glottis opens soft palate raised
b.glottis closed soft palate raised
c.glottis closed soft palate lowered
b.glottis closed soft palate raised
loss of NaCl , H20 and H+ following vomiting leads to what?
a.metabolic acidosis
b.metabolic alkilosis
c.ketoacidosis
b.metabolic alkilosis
which section of the small intestine does not have a mesentry
a.duodenum
b.jejunum
c.ileum
a.duodenum
which of these spontaneous activity of GI muscle leads to mixing of intestinal contents?
a.segmentation contractions
b.peristalsis
c.migratory motility complex
a.segmentation contractions
which of these spontaneous activity of GI muscle leads to propulsive movement of chyme?
a.segmentation contractions
b.peristalsis
c.migratory motility complex
b.peristalsis
which of these spontaneous activity of GI muscle leads to mass clearance of the small intestine?
a.segmentation contractions
b.peristalsis
c.migratory motility complex
c.migratory motility complex
where do segmentation contractions occur to allow for mixing of chyme
a.duodenum
b.duodenum and ileum
c.duodenum and jejunum
c.duodenum and jejunum
what stimulates segmental contraction in the small intestine?
a.stretch
b. irritation and parasympathetic activation
a.stretch
what stimulates propulsive movements of peristalsis in the small intestine?
a.stretch
b. distention irritation and parasympathetic activation
b. distention irritation and parasympathetic activation
receptive relaxation in the small intestine aids movemwnt of chyme in which way?
a.multidirectional
b.unidirectional
c.paradirectional
b.unidirectional
which state of spontaneous activity of smooth muscle in the small intestine is the fastest state due to bursts of intense electrical activity
a.peristalsis
b.segmentation contractions
c.migratory motility complex
c.migratory motility complex
motilin is released by cells in the small intestine what effect does it have on vagal impulses?
a.increase
b.decrease
a.increase
increasing motility
which of these processes prevents fecal backflow to the small intestine
a.migratory motility complex
b.segmental contraction
c.propulsion
d.ileocecal flow
d.ileocecal valve
which reflex combined with local peristalsis promotes the opening of the ileocecal valve ?
a.vasovagal
b.gastroileal
b.gastroileal
absorption of water, electrolytes and storage of fecal matter are functions of which part of the GI tract?
a.small intestine
b.colon
c.cecum
d.stomach
b.colon
movement in the large intestine is……………… than in the small intestine
a.slower
b.faster
a.slower
sustained segmentation contractions in the colon are known as
a.propulsive movements
b.peristalsis
c.haustrations
c.haustrations
what causes increased contraction of the large intestine?
a.sympathetic stimulation
b.parasympathetic stimulation
b.parasympathetic stimulation
circular muscle and teniae coli responsible for haustrations
how does distention of the large intestine lead to loss of haustrations?
a.proximal relaxation
b.distal relaxation
c.proximal contraction
d.distal contraction
b.distal relaxation
(coordinated contraction)
what follows the filling of the rectum from the sigmoid colon
a.relaxation of the anal sphincter
b.immediate urge to defecate
a.relaxation of the anal sphincter
distention of the rectum leading to an ………….. in afferent signals in myentric plexus leading to colon peristalsis and sphincter relaxation
a.decrease
b.increase
b.increase
parasympathetic activation during defecation reflex resists against the intrinsic component . what segments of the spinal cord are involved in this?
a.cervical
b.thoracic
c.lumbar
d.sacral
d.sacral
parasympathetic activation in the defecation reflex leads to forced inspiration , closure of the glottis concious effort and…
a.abdominal relaxation
b.abdominal contraction
b.abdominal contraction
hypokalaemia, metabolic acidosis and dehydration are caused by…
a.vomiting
b.diarrhoea
b.diarrhoea
cessation of eating, drugs to ……….. gut motility and oral/IV rehydration (H20, NaCl and sucrose) are used to treat diarrhoea
a.decrease
b.increase
a.decrease
cessation of eating, drugs to increase gut motility and oral/IV rehydration (H20, NaCl and sucrose) are used to treat which condition
a.vomiting
b.diarrhoea
b.diarrhoea
