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PHYSIOLOGY > physiology exam 1 > Flashcards

physiology exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The force exerted by a fluid against a wall, causes movement of fluid between compartments

A

Hydrostatic pressure

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2
Q

The scientific study of the chemistry and physics of the structures of the body and the ways in which they work together to support the functions of life.

A

Physiology

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3
Q

The restricted set of values that is optimally healthful and stable.

A

Normal range

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4
Q

The component in a feedback system that compares the value to the normal range.

A

Control center

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5
Q

Intensifies a change in the body’s physiological condition rather than reversing it.

A

positive feedback

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6
Q

value for which a variable operates optimally

A

set point

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7
Q

Study of diseased states of the body (abnormal)

A

pathophysiology

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8
Q

___ in the body detect change and send information

A

sensors

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9
Q

assesses change around a set point

A

control

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10
Q

___ which can make the appropriate adjustments to counter the change from the set point

A

effector

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11
Q

causes deviation from set point

A

stimulus

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12
Q

three types of muscle cells and tissue

A

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

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13
Q

conduct electrical signals (impulses) to other cells

A

neuron

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14
Q

What system has this primary function: regulation of other body systems

A

nervous

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15
Q

What system has this primary function: secretion of regulatory molecules called hormones

A

endocrine

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16
Q

What system has this primary function: movements of the skeleton

A

muscular

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17
Q

What system has this primary function: movement of blood and lymph

A

circulatory

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18
Q

What system has this primary function: defense of the body against invading pathogens

A

immune

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19
Q

What system has this primary function: gas exchange

A

respiratory

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20
Q

What system has this primary function: regulation of blood volume and composition

A

urinary

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21
Q

What system has this primary function: breakdown of food into molecules that enter the body

A

digestive

22
Q

What system has this primary function: continuation of the human species

A

reproductive

23
Q

any molecule or ion that is bound to a protein

A

ligand

24
Q

the region of a protein to which a ligand binds is known as __

A

active site

25
Q

the presence of multiple ligands able to bind to the same site

A

competition

26
Q

triggers response, to active or increase an action

A

agonist

27
Q

a molecule that does not act as the natural ligand would. often occupies the site blocking the natural ligand and its effect

A

antagonist

28
Q

high specificity

A

shape fits exactly

29
Q

determines how likely it is that a bound ligand will leave the protein surface and return to its unbound state

A

affinity

30
Q

the fraction of total active sites that are occupied at any given time

A

saturation

31
Q

the % saturation depends on:

A

the concentration ligand & affinity

32
Q

random movement of molecules from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentrations

A

diffusion

33
Q

some materials are allowed through, others not

A

semipermeable

34
Q

the net diffusion of water across a membrane, now worry about the solvent and not the solute

A

osmosis

35
Q

movement of water facilitated by channel proteins called

A

aquaporins

36
Q

solutions have the same concentration of nonpenetrating solutes as normal plasma

A

isotonic

37
Q

a solution with a lower solute concentration compared to the plasma or cell

A

hypotonic

38
Q

solutions have a lower solute concentration, lower osmolality

A

hypo-osmotic

39
Q

a solution with a greater solute concentration compared to the plasma or cell

A

hypertonic

40
Q

solutions have a higher concentration than the cell

A

hyper-osmotic

41
Q

cell to cell signaling

A

paracrine

42
Q

a chemical signal that travels between nerve cells

A

synaptic signal

43
Q

hormones regulate via the bloodstream signaling

A

endocrine

44
Q

What forces help to bind ligands?

A

-electrical attractions
-weaker attractions due to hydrophobic forces between nonpolar regions on the two molecules

45
Q

determines the type of chemical that is bound

A

active site

46
Q

in order to bind properly, proteins must have the right conformational shape

A

chemical specificity

47
Q

lowers the AE of the reaction (ultimately increasing the rate of a reaction)

A

enzymes

48
Q

enzyme itself is ___

A

unchanged

49
Q

factors that influence the rate of diffusion & how

A

-concentration gradient ( INCREASE con, INCREASE diffusion)
-the mass of the molecules diffusing (heavier molecules DECREASE diffusion)
-temperature ( INCREASE temp, INCREASE diffusion)
-solvent density (INCREASE density, DECREASE diffusion)
-solubility (nonpolar molecules INCREASE diffusion)
-surface area (INCREASE SA, INCREASE diffusion)
-distance traveled (INCREASE distance, DECREASE diffusion)

50
Q

the ratio of solutes in a solution to a volume of solvent in a solution

A

osmolality

51
Q

the ratio of solutes to water in blood plasma

A

plasma osmolality

PHYSIOLOGY (19 decks)

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