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PHYSIOLOGY > Exam 4- Digestive > Flashcards

Exam 4- Digestive Flashcards

1
Q

mouth to anus

A

GI tract

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2
Q
  • liver
  • gallbladder
  • pancreas
A

accessory digestive organs

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3
Q

Process ingested foods into molecular forms and transfer, with water and salts, to circulatory system (digest and absorb)

A

function of digestive system

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4
Q

Voluntary control of jaw muscles in addition to rhythmic chewing motions caused by the pressure of food against the gums, hard palate and roof of mouth

A

chewing

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5
Q

chewing involves skeletal and smooth muscles and ___

A

neural activity

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6
Q

pressure receptors stimulates by food or drink on the pharynx send ___ impulses to ____

A

afferent; medulla oblongata

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7
Q

____ fibers tell muscles of the pharynx and esophagus to swallow

A

efferent

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8
Q

epiglottis covers glottis to prevents

A

aspiration

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9
Q

contraction of the muscles surrounding a tube

A

peristaltic waves
(1st movement in esophagus)

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10
Q

Store, dissolve and partially digest macromolecules in food, regulate rates entering small intestine.
-Acidity in _____ kills bacteria entering with food

A

stomach

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11
Q

food is reduced to a solution called

A

chyme

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12
Q

rhythmic peristalsis in the stomach are timed by ____ in the smooth muscle

A

pacemaker cells

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13
Q

-Cells secrete 2 L of HCl per day
-CO2 reacting with H20 produce carbonic acid which dissociate to H+ and HCO3-
-H+ gets pumped into stomach as well as Cl-

A

stomach HCl

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14
Q

gastrin in a _____

A

hormone

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15
Q
  • serves as a secretory organ
  • secretes bile
  • processes and stores nutrients
  • serves as a filter and functions in the removal of old red blood cells
A

liver

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16
Q

main bile pigment, which is responsible for the brown color of feces

A

bilirubin

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17
Q
  • most important digestive component
  • combines with lecithin to help solubilize fat in the small intestine
A

bile salts

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18
Q

___is a specialized vasculature that delivers absorbed nutrients to the liver for processing before they enter the general systemic circulation.

A

hepatic portal system

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19
Q

Nutrients are absorbed from the small intestine and are carried via capillaries to the ______

A

hepatic portal vein

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20
Q

____rid the body of substances by secretion into bile canaliculi and then the common bile duct

A

Hepatocytes

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21
Q

stores and concentrates bile

A

gallbladder

22
Q

Bile enters from the liver, exits to the duodenum via the _____

A

common bile duct

23
Q
  • produces “pancreatic juice.”
  • This is rich in bicarbonate as well as digesting enzymes
A

pancreas

24
Q

____ functions to neutralize acid entering duodenum from stomach

A

bicarbonate (HCO3-)
- in the pancreas

25
Q

___ and ___ join the common bile duct from the liver before entering the duodenum

A

bile duct; pancreatic duct

26
Q

breakdown fats
- smallest form: fatty acids

A

lipase

27
Q

breakdown carbs
- smallest form: monosaccrides

A

amylase

28
Q

breakdown proteins
- smallest form: amino acids

A

trypsin & chymotrypsin

29
Q

Sections rhythmically contract and mix chyme up and down

A

segmentation
(in small intestine)

30
Q

Most material is digested and absorbed here due to the high absorptive surface area present

A

small intestine

31
Q
  • rhythm is set by ____
  • AP trigger muscle contraction waves
  • rhythm varies along with the intestine, with lower frequencies as you progress to the large intestin
A

pacemaker cells (small intestine)

32
Q

Break down food into monosaccharides, fatty acids, amino acids and nucleotides (the smallest molecules)

A

enzymes

33
Q
  • After a meal is mostly absorbed,_____ replaces segmentation
  • moves undigested material into the large intestine
A

migrating myoelectrical complex (MMC)

34
Q
  • Primarily stores feces
  • Small amount of fluid absorption
  • Reabsorption Of Na+ and secretion of K+ (Na+-K+ ATPase)
  • houses gut microflora
  • even slower movement
A

large intestine

35
Q

Convert indigestible polysaccharides (cellulose) into short-chain fatty acids for absorption

A

microflora

36
Q

Movement of fecal material initiates the ______
-similar to when you have to urinate-it’s a reflex

A

defecation reflex

37
Q

smooth muscles contract by ___

A

segmentation slowly

38
Q

under skeletal muscle control and hold it until you reach the spot where you’ve been trained to ‘go’.

A

external sphincter

39
Q

receptors in brain are stimulated by sight/smell/taste

A

cephalic

40
Q

distension, acidity, amino acids and peptides stimuli in stomach

A

gastric

41
Q

phospholipids and bile salts

A

emulsifying agents

42
Q

formed from bile salts and other products to further increase absorption by regulating the process of keeping insoluble products small and replenishing products for free diffusion

A

micelles

43
Q

bile salts help with ___

A

emulsification

44
Q

passage of digested products from the intestinal lumen through mucosal cells and into the bloodstream or lacteals

A

Absorption

45
Q

movement of food through the GI tract

A

Motility

46
Q

muscular contractions and relaxations that propel food through the GI tract

A

Peristalsis

47
Q

transport H+ against concentration gradient into the stomach while transport K+ in opposite direction

A

H/K ATPase pump

48
Q

alternating contractions and relaxations of non-adjacent segments of the intestine that move food forward and backward, breaking it apart and mixing it with digestive secretions

A

Segmentation

49
Q

If the salivary glands were unable to secret amylase, what effect would this have on starch digestion?

A

Digestion will solely occur in the small intestine by pancreatic amylase

50
Q

Bile is ejected from the gallbladder through the cystic duct into the ____ emptying into the ____.

A

Common bile duct; duodenum

51
Q

ADH stimulates the insertion of _______ into the plasma membrane of the cells of the collecting duct. ADH is secreted by the ________ in response to dehydration.

A

Aquaporins; posterior pituitary

52
Q

When contents arrive in the rectum, _______ signal the body it’s time to expel waste.

A

nerve

PHYSIOLOGY (19 decks)

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