Lecture Exam 2- Ch. 8

Question 1

neurons that innervate skeletal muscle
- within the CNS
- Voluntary responses

Answer 1

somatic nervous system

Question 2

innervates cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, exocrine/endocrine glands and adipose tissue/ viscera
- automatic/ involuntary
- subdivisions: parasympathetic, sympathetic, enteric

Answer 2

Autonomic nervous system

Question 3

• No ganglia
• 1 neuron from CNS to effector
• Type of neuromuscular junction: specialized motor end plate
• Effect of nerve impulse on muscle: excitatory only

Answer 3

somatic motor

Question 4

• cell bodies of postganglionic autonomic fibers located in paravertebral, prevertebral (collateral) and terminal ganglia
• 2 neurons from CNS to effector
• Type of (postganglionic & preganglionic)
• neuromuscular junction: no specialization of postsynaptic membrane
• Effect of nerve impulse on muscle: either excitatory or inhibitory

Answer 4

autonomic motor

Question 4

• cell bodies of postganglionic autonomic fibers located in paravertebral, prevertebral (collateral) and terminal ganglia
• 2 neurons from CNS to effector
• Type of (postganglionic & preganglionic)
• neuromuscular junction: no specialization of postsynaptic membrane
• Effect of nerve impulse on muscle: either excitatory or inhibitory

Answer 4

autonomic motor

Question 5

nerves innervate walls of the GI tract

Answer 5

enteric

Question 6

one organ receiving sympathetic & parasympathetic input

Answer 6

Dual innervation

Question 7

• decreases heart rate
• Relaxes bladder sphincter

Answer 7

Dual innervation: Parasympathetic

Question 8

• Increases heart rate
• Dilates and constricts veins
• Contracts bladder sphincter

Answer 8

dual innervation: sympathetic

Question 9

heart rate is controlled by

Answer 9

pacemaker cells

Question 10

the sympathetic system prepares the body for intense physical activity in emergencies and stress (physically or mentally); the heart rate increases, blood glucose level rises, and blood is diverted to the skeletal muscles (away from the visceral organs and skin).

Answer 10

mass activation

Question 11

the number of postsynaptic fibers on a single preganglionic fiber creates a synapse with

Answer 11

divergence

Question 12

allows a neuron to receive input from many neurons in a network

Answer 12

convergence

Question 13

the capacity of excited neurons to reduce the activity of their neighbors

Answer 13

Lateral inhibition

Question 14

• release of norepinephrine from postganglionic neurons and the secretion of epinephrine from the adernal medulla
• heart rate, blood pressure increase
• blood increases to skeletal muscles, heart and brain

Answer 14

fight or flight

Question 15

rest and digest

Answer 15

parasympathetic division

Question 16

• releases ACh from post ganglionic neurons
• slows heart rate (decreases rate of pacemaker cells) and increases digestive activities

Answer 16

parasympathetic division

Question 17

in parasympathetic divison there is no

Answer 17

mass activation

Question 18

short postganglionic neurons in the PSNS allow for

Answer 18

local responses

Question 19

short preganglionic in the SNS allow for lots of

Answer 19

divergence and convergence of information

Question 20

sympathetic chain (column) of ganglia

Answer 20

Paravertebral ganglia

Question 21

Postsynaptic membrane of:
- All autonomic ganglia
- All neuromuscular junctions
- Some CNS pathways

Depolarization → Excitation

Answer 21

Nicotinic ACh receptors (receptor for acetylcholine)

Question 22

Produces parasympathetic nerve effects in the heart, smooth muscles, and glands
- Depolarization —(k+ channels closed)→ Excitation
– Causes smooth muscles of digestive tract to contract

G-protein-coupled receptors (receptors influence ion channels by means of G-proteins)
- Hyperpolarization —(k+ channels opened)→ Inhibition
– Produces slower heart rate

Answer 22

Muscarinic ACh receptors (receptor for acetylcholine)