Exam 3- review

Question 1

carried blood from heart towards tissues
- fast transport
- large
- pressure reservoir

Answer 1

arteries

Question 2

adjusts blood flow to tissues
- small
- vasoconstriction and vasodilation

Answer 2

arterioles

Question 3

exchanges between plasma and interstitial fluid (mainly by diffusion)
- diffusion distances are small
- ex: O2/CO2

Answer 3

capillaries

Question 4

carries blood to veins

Answer 4

venules

Question 5

carries blood from tissues towards heart

Answer 5

veins

Question 6

adjusted average of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (main driving force for blood flow to tissues)

Answer 6

Mean arterial pressure

Question 7

sympathetic activity to regulate arterial BP:

• __ at alpha receptors causes vasoconstriction
• __ at beta (B) receptors causes vasodilation (heart, skeletal muscle)

Answer 7

NE; E

Question 8

produces generalized vasoconstriction (drives more blood toward heart), increasing resistance and BP

Answer 8

sympathetic activity to help regulate BP

Question 9

factors influencing venous return

Answer 9

• sympathetic activity
• skeletal muscle pump
• valves
• respiratory pump (due to a decreased pressure in the thoracic cavity)
• cardiac suction (blood sucked in as ventricles relax)

Question 10

receptors for arterial blood pressure located in the aortic arch and the carotid sinuses
- short term

Answer 10

baroreceptor

Question 11

1. sensory receptors at the aortic arch and carotid sinus sense changes in MAP and pulse pressure
2. CNS vasomotor and cardiac control centers of the medulla oblongata (controlling autonomic innervation)
3. Effectors: heart and blood vessels

Answer 11

baroreceptor reflexes

Question 12

BP below 100/60

Answer 12

hypotension

Question 13

BP above 140/90

Answer 13

hypertension

Question 14

standing up- gravity ___ venous return

hypo or hyper tension?

Answer 14

decreases; hypotension

Question 15

• baroreceptors reset at higher levels
• stresses heart and blood vessels

Answer 15

hypertension

Question 16

parasympathetic ___ HR by releasing ___; __ SV and cause vasodilation

Answer 16

decreases; ACh; decreases

Question 17

vagus nerve

Answer 17

parasympathetic

Question 18

venous pressure is determined by ______ - how stretched the walls can become

Answer 18

volume of fluid and compliance

Question 19

pressure changes in the central cavity due to the pressure changes in breathing
- blood is propelled back to heart by the help of inhalation

Answer 19

respiratory pump

Question 20

when muscles contract they squeeze the veins. this results in blood moving forward and being prevented from backflow by the veins. moves blood toward the heart

Answer 20

muscular pump

Question 21

long term control of BP is ___

Answer 21

blood volume

Question 22

____ works with cardiac to maintain blood volume and pressure due to its role in fluid regulation

Answer 22

urinary system

Question 23

afferent neurons provide input to the _____ (fall in BP leads to reduced action potentials firing)

Answer 23

medulla oblongata

Question 24

going from laying to standing position

Answer 24

• decrease venous return
• decrease EDV
• decrease SV
• decrease CO

Question 25

decrease in BP –> baroreceptors respond (sensory neurons) –> medulla oblongata–> ??

sympathetic

Answer 25

increase cardiac rate (effector) –> increase CO –> increase BP

Question 26

decrease in BP –> baroreceptors respond (sensory neurons) –> medulla oblongata–> ??

parasympathetic

Answer 26

vasoconstriction of arterioles (effector) –> increase total peripheral resistance –> increase BP

Question 27

pressure change is a result of ___

Answer 27

blood pooling in the veins

Question 28

thoracic spinal nerves

Answer 28

sympathetic

Question 29

normal HR; normal resting

Answer 29

60-100 BPM; 70-75 BPM

Question 30

increase in venous return forces an increase in ___ by increasing ___ which increased ___

Answer 30

CO; EDV; SV

Question 31

average SV= EDV-ESV

Answer 31

123 - 47 = 76

Question 32

average HR

Answer 32

72 beats/min