Lecture Exam 2- Ch.7

Question 1

____ form a network of communication from one areas of the brain to another

Answer 1

association or interneurons

Question 2

forebrains, midbrains, hindbrain

Answer 2

embryonic divisions

Question 3

• Receives input from sensory neurons & directs activity of motor neurons
• Association neurons integrate sensory information and help direct the appropriate response to maintain homeostasis and respond to the environment
• Humans are capable of learning and memory adding a layer of modification to our behaviors

Answer 3

functions of CNS

Question 4

• occipital
• temporal
• parietal
• frontal
• insula

Answer 4

lobes of the brain

Question 5

higher mental functions

Answer 5

forbrain-cerebrum

Question 6

outer gray matter of cerebrum

Answer 6

Cerebral cortex

Question 7

bundle of nerves that connects the cortex layers of the left and right hemispheres

Answer 7

Corpus callosum

Question 8

• Largest portion of the brain
• cerebral cortex
• Consists of: cerebral hemispheres each divided into lobes
• corpus callosum

Answer 8

forebrain-cerebrum

Question 9

emotions

Answer 9

limbic system

Question 10

• Aggression: areas in the amygdala and hypothalamus
• Fear: amygdala and hypothalamus
• Hunger/satiety: hypothalamus
• Sex drive: the whole system
• Goal-directed behavior: reward/punishment system

Answer 10

Emotions controlled by the system

Question 11

• Formation and retrieval of memory
• Helps form cognitive maps that help make mental models of our world
• Stress & emotion (via the limbic system) can affect memory

Answer 11

hippocampus

Question 12

• Combines different sensory input
• Memory and emotion combien if strong enough

Answer 12

amygdala

Question 13

• thalamus
• epithalamus

Answer 13

forebrain: diencephalon

Question 14

relay center for sensory info (except smell)
- Helps the flow of information, allowing you to prioritize what is received

Answer 14

Thalamus

Question 15

regulates circadian rhythms and choroid plexus
- Includes the pineal gland

Answer 15

Epithalamus

Question 16

1. brain stem & spinal cord for a somatic or autonomic response
2. memory is stored in hippocampus of your emotional experience
3. emotional behavior tied in the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus

Answer 16

relationship between emotions, memory & actions

Question 17

relationship between emotions, memory & actions to why certain drugs binding to receptors

Answer 17

can excite or inhibit the flow of that information and alter your perceptions and movements

Question 18

• Influenced by higher brain centers
• Master command center for neural and endocrine coordination, regulates pituitary gland
• Key to homeostasis regulation

Answer 18

Forebrain: Hypothalamus

Question 19

The brainstem includes structures such as:

Answer 19

pons, midbrain, medulla oblongata

Question 20

Produce 2 hormones: ADH & oxytocin
- Transported for release by posterior pituitary
- Produce releasing and inhibiting hormones transported & released by anterior pituitary

Answer 20

forebrain: hypothalamus

Question 21

motor control, maintains connections from cerebrum to cerebellum

Answer 21

midbrain functions

Question 22

• Dopaminergic neurons project to basal nuclei and limbic system
• Neurons leading to areas of the limbic system, hippocampus, amygdala and areas linking to the reward system are key areas for drug addiction studies
• Dopamine (neurotransmitter & hormone- good feeling) is released in the nucleus accumbens (collection of neurons) after consumption of certain addictive drugs

Answer 22

midbrain

Question 23

cerebellum & pons

Answer 23

hindbrain

Question 24

sensory and motor tracts from the spinal cord, respiratory control centers

Answer 24

pons

Question 25

controls complex motor skills and coordinates movements and motor learning

Answer 25

cerebellum

Question 26

cerebellum receives info from areas of the body involved in movement:

Answer 26

muscles & joints (proprioceptors), skin, eyes

Question 27

Medulla Oblongata- Autonomic nervous center functions:

Answer 27

cardio & respiratory

Question 28

- All ascending & descending tracts between the brain & spinal cord pass through the medulla - Relay sensory info to the thalamus

Answer 28

medulla oblongata

Question 29

CNS: spinal cord

Answer 29

white matter surround gray

Question 30

- interneurons, cell bodies of efferent neurons, axons of afferent neurons - shape gives rise to dorsal or posterior horn (connection for afferent fibers) and ventral or anterior horn (connection for efferent neurons)

Answer 30

gray matter

Question 31

- myelinated axons or ascending/descending tracts - ascending carries sensory, descending carries motor impulses

Answer 31

white matter

Question 32

carries impulses from touch and pressure to the thalamus

Answer 32

spinothalamic (an ascending tract of white matter)

Question 33

cerebral cortex to spinal cord

Answer 33

coricospinal (spinal is descending tract of white matter)

Question 34

PNS Nerves:

Answer 34

spinal nerves

Question 35

spinal nerves all separate near the spinal cord into a dorsal root carrying ____ fibers and a ventral root carrying ____ fibers

Answer 35

sensory; motor

Question 36

C-cervical

Answer 36

8

Question 37

T-thoracic

Answer 37

12

Question 38

L-lumbar

Answer 38

5

Question 39

S-Sacral

Answer 39

5

Question 40

coccygeal

Answer 40

1

Question 41

- A stimulus occurs at the receptor of a sensory neuron. This is sent along the afferent neuron as a nervous impulse and is received by the CNS - The interneuron makes connections to the motor neurons. The motor neuron transmits the impulse to the effector organ

Answer 41

reflex arc

Question 42

reflex responses to stimuli is a

Answer 42

multi-step process

Question 43

link afferent & efferent neurons directly together - ex: knee-jerk reflex

Answer 43

muscle stretch reflex