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PHYSIOLOGY > Exam 4 terminology > Flashcards

Exam 4 terminology Flashcards

1
Q

transport of molecules across epithelial membranes into the body fluids

A

absorption

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2
Q

the ability to mix contents and move them from the oral to anal end of the GI tract by muscular contractions

A

motility

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3
Q

tufts of capillaries that filter fluid into the kidneys tubules

A

glomeruli

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4
Q

carry blood toward glomerulus

A

afferent arteriole

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5
Q

major contractile activity of the small intestine

A

segmentation

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6
Q

yellow substance resulting from heme breakdown; excreted in bile as a bile pigment

A

bilirubin

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7
Q

transport of a substance from the blood into the nephron tubule

A

secretion

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8
Q

transport of a substance from the lumen of a nephron into the peritubular capillaries

A

reabsorption

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9
Q

Process of converting food into molecules that can be absorbed through the intestine into the blood

A

digestion

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10
Q

colloidal particle formed by the aggregation of numerous molecules

A

micelles

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11
Q

protein-digesting enzyme

A

trypsin

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12
Q

transport H+ against concentration gradient into the stomach while transport K+ in opposite direction

A

H/K ATPase Pump

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13
Q

acts to emulsify fat in the lumen of the small intestine

A

bile salts

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14
Q

interaction between descending limb and ascending limb of the loop of Henle, resulting in multiplication of the solute concentration in the interstitial fluid

A

countercurrent multiplier system

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15
Q

digests triglycerides

A

lipase

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16
Q

protein channel that permits osmosis to occur, can be inserted into cell membrane in response to stimulation by ADH

A

aquaporin

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17
Q

recirculation of a compound between the liver and small intestine

A

enterohepatic circulation

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18
Q

digestive enzyme of carbohydrates

A

amylase

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19
Q

carry blood away from glomerulus

A

efferent arteriole

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20
Q

waves of smooth muscle contraction; serves to propel that contents of the digestive tract in one direction

A

peristalsis

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21
Q

liver cells

A

hepatocytes

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22
Q

mixture of partially digested food and digestive juices that passes from the stomach into the duodenum

A

chyme

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23
Q

otherwise known as antidiuretic hormone

A

vasopressin

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24
Q

principal corticosteroid hormone involved in regulation of electrolyte balance

A

aldosterone

25
Q

the main nitrogenous waste product

A

urea

26
Q

oxygen bound on hemoglobin

A

oxyhemoglobin

27
Q

The process of moving air into and out of the lungs

A

ventilation

28
Q

major site of reabsorption

A

proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

29
Q

Somatic motor neurons stimulate external urethral sphincter

A

guarding reflex

30
Q

Receives filtrate from several nephrons

A

collecting duct

31
Q

Forms a continuous layer lining the air-facing surface of the pulmonary alveoli

A

type 1 alveolar cell

32
Q

Empties into the collecting duct

A

distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

33
Q

Produced when oxyhemoglobin releases oxygen

A

deoxyhemoglobin

34
Q

functional unit of the kidneys

A

nephron

35
Q

Permeability divides the tubule into descending and ascending portions

A

loop of Henle

36
Q

Plasma concentration of CO2 is abnormally increased, inadequate pulmonary ventilation

A

hypoventilation

37
Q

Decrease in H+ concentration of the blood that raises pH

A

alkalosis

38
Q

Potential space between the visceral and parietal linings

A

intrapleural space

39
Q

Pressure of a particular gas in a mixture

A

partial pressure

40
Q

Site of initial filtration

A

glomerular capsule

41
Q

Tendency of a structure to recoil to its initial dimensions after being distended

A

elasticity

42
Q

Reduces surface tension of the alveoli

A

surfactant

43
Q

Pulmonary cells that produce surfactant

A

type 2 alveolar cell

44
Q

Change in lung volume per change in transpulmonary pressure

A

lung compliance

45
Q

Pressure difference keeping the lungs against the chest wall

A

transpulmonary pressure

46
Q

Saclike dilation; site of gas exchange with the blood

A

alveoli

47
Q

Increase in H+ concentration of the blood that lowers pH

A

acidosis

48
Q

Pressure of a given quantity of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume

A

boyles law

49
Q

High rate and depth of breathing resulting in a decrease in blood CO2 concentration below normal

A

hyperventilation

50
Q

fluid entering the glomerular capsule

A

filtrate

51
Q

primary muscle of ventilation

A

diaphragm

52
Q

A compound that increases urine output, leading to decreased water conservation

A

Diuretic

53
Q

somatic motor neurons inhibit external urethral sphincter

A

Voiding reflex

54
Q

urination or voiding

A

Micturition

55
Q

receptor sensitive to chemical changes such as pH, O2, CO2

A

chemoreceptors

56
Q

tiny blood vessels, supplied by the efferent arteriole, that travel alongside nephrons allowing reabsorption and secretion between blood and the inner lumen of the nephron

A

Peritubular Capillaries

57
Q

condition wherein a deficiency of bicarbonate causes the blood to be overly acidic

A

Metabolic acidosis

58
Q

condition wherein an excess of bicarbonate causes the blood to be overly alkaline

A

Metabolic alkalosis

59
Q

the process of dispersing two or more immiscible liquids together to form a semistable mixture

  • derived from fat globules
A

Emulsification

PHYSIOLOGY (19 decks)

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