Exam 4 terminology

Question 1

transport of molecules across epithelial membranes into the body fluids

Answer 1

absorption

Question 2

the ability to mix contents and move them from the oral to anal end of the GI tract by muscular contractions

Answer 2

motility

Question 3

tufts of capillaries that filter fluid into the kidneys tubules

Answer 3

glomeruli

Question 4

carry blood toward glomerulus

Answer 4

afferent arteriole

Question 5

major contractile activity of the small intestine

Answer 5

segmentation

Question 6

yellow substance resulting from heme breakdown; excreted in bile as a bile pigment

Answer 6

bilirubin

Question 7

transport of a substance from the blood into the nephron tubule

Answer 7

secretion

Question 8

transport of a substance from the lumen of a nephron into the peritubular capillaries

Answer 8

reabsorption

Question 9

Process of converting food into molecules that can be absorbed through the intestine into the blood

Answer 9

digestion

Question 10

colloidal particle formed by the aggregation of numerous molecules

Answer 10

micelles

Question 11

protein-digesting enzyme

Answer 11

trypsin

Question 12

transport H+ against concentration gradient into the stomach while transport K+ in opposite direction

Answer 12

H/K ATPase Pump

Question 13

acts to emulsify fat in the lumen of the small intestine

Answer 13

bile salts

Question 14

interaction between descending limb and ascending limb of the loop of Henle, resulting in multiplication of the solute concentration in the interstitial fluid

Answer 14

countercurrent multiplier system

Question 15

digests triglycerides

Answer 15

lipase

Question 16

protein channel that permits osmosis to occur, can be inserted into cell membrane in response to stimulation by ADH

Answer 16

aquaporin

Question 17

recirculation of a compound between the liver and small intestine

Answer 17

enterohepatic circulation

Question 18

digestive enzyme of carbohydrates

Answer 18

amylase

Question 19

carry blood away from glomerulus

Answer 19

efferent arteriole

Question 20

waves of smooth muscle contraction; serves to propel that contents of the digestive tract in one direction

Answer 20

peristalsis

Question 21

liver cells

Answer 21

hepatocytes

Question 22

mixture of partially digested food and digestive juices that passes from the stomach into the duodenum

Answer 22

chyme

Question 23

otherwise known as antidiuretic hormone

Answer 23

vasopressin

Question 24

principal corticosteroid hormone involved in regulation of electrolyte balance

Answer 24

aldosterone

Question 25

the main nitrogenous waste product

Answer 25

urea

Question 26

oxygen bound on hemoglobin

Answer 26

oxyhemoglobin

Question 27

The process of moving air into and out of the lungs

Answer 27

ventilation

Question 28

major site of reabsorption

Answer 28

proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

Question 29

Somatic motor neurons stimulate external urethral sphincter

Answer 29

guarding reflex

Question 30

Receives filtrate from several nephrons

Answer 30

collecting duct

Question 31

Forms a continuous layer lining the air-facing surface of the pulmonary alveoli

Answer 31

type 1 alveolar cell

Question 32

Empties into the collecting duct

Answer 32

distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

Question 33

Produced when oxyhemoglobin releases oxygen

Answer 33

deoxyhemoglobin

Question 34

functional unit of the kidneys

Answer 34

nephron

Question 35

Permeability divides the tubule into descending and ascending portions

Answer 35

loop of Henle

Question 36

Plasma concentration of CO2 is abnormally increased, inadequate pulmonary ventilation

Answer 36

hypoventilation

Question 37

Decrease in H+ concentration of the blood that raises pH

Answer 37

alkalosis

Question 38

Potential space between the visceral and parietal linings

Answer 38

intrapleural space

Question 39

Pressure of a particular gas in a mixture

Answer 39

partial pressure

Question 40

Site of initial filtration

Answer 40

glomerular capsule

Question 41

Tendency of a structure to recoil to its initial dimensions after being distended

Answer 41

elasticity

Question 42

Reduces surface tension of the alveoli

Answer 42

surfactant

Question 43

Pulmonary cells that produce surfactant

Answer 43

type 2 alveolar cell

Question 44

Change in lung volume per change in transpulmonary pressure

Answer 44

lung compliance

Question 45

Pressure difference keeping the lungs against the chest wall

Answer 45

transpulmonary pressure

Question 46

Saclike dilation; site of gas exchange with the blood

Answer 46

alveoli

Question 47

Increase in H+ concentration of the blood that lowers pH

Answer 47

acidosis

Question 48

Pressure of a given quantity of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume

Answer 48

boyles law

Question 49

High rate and depth of breathing resulting in a decrease in blood CO2 concentration below normal

Answer 49

hyperventilation

Question 50

fluid entering the glomerular capsule

Answer 50

filtrate

Question 51

primary muscle of ventilation

Answer 51

diaphragm

Question 52

A compound that increases urine output, leading to decreased water conservation

Answer 52

Diuretic

Question 53

somatic motor neurons inhibit external urethral sphincter

Answer 53

Voiding reflex

Question 54

urination or voiding

Answer 54

Micturition

Question 55

receptor sensitive to chemical changes such as pH, O2, CO2

Answer 55

chemoreceptors

Question 56

tiny blood vessels, supplied by the efferent arteriole, that travel alongside nephrons allowing reabsorption and secretion between blood and the inner lumen of the nephron

Answer 56

Peritubular Capillaries

Question 57

condition wherein a deficiency of bicarbonate causes the blood to be overly acidic

Answer 57

Metabolic acidosis

Question 58

condition wherein an excess of bicarbonate causes the blood to be overly alkaline

Answer 58

Metabolic alkalosis

Question 59

the process of dispersing two or more immiscible liquids together to form a semistable mixture - derived from fat globules

Answer 59

Emulsification