PHYS- terminology quiz #1 Flashcards
neural tissue cell that is primarily responsible for conducting electrical signals away from the cell body. It responds to stimuli
neuron
one of the various types of neural tissue cells responsible for maintenance of the tissue, and largely responsible for supporting the functions of neurons
glial cell
conducts impulse toward the CNS
afferent
conducts impulse away from the CNS
efferent
motor neuron innervating skeletal muscles
somatic
??acting or occurring involuntarily
OR
functional division of the nervous system that is responsible for homeostatic reflexes that coordinate control of cardiac and smooth muscle, as well as glandular tissue
autonomic
glial cell type in the PNS that provides the myelin insulation for axons in nerves
schwann cell
proteins that function to anchor synpatic vesicles in axon terminals to the presynaptic plasma membrane
SNARE complex
lipid-rich layer of insulation that surrounds an axon, formed by oligodendrocytes in the CNS and Schwann cells in the PNS; facilitates the transmission of electrical signals
myelin sheath
the difference in voltage measured across a cell membrane under steady-state conditions, typically -70 mV
resting membrane potential
change in a cell membrane potential from rest toward zero; inside of the membrane becomes less negative compared to outside of the membrane
depolarization
return of the membrane potential to its normally negative voltage at the end of the action potential after depolarization
repolarization
increase in negativity of inside of cell membrane with respect to the resting membrane potential
-membrane potential becomes more negative
hyperpolarization
one of many branchlike processes that extends from the neuron cell body and functions as a contact for incoming signals (synapses) from other neurons or sensory cells
dendrite
????? ion channel that opens because of a change in the charge distributed across the membrane where it is located
voltage regulated channel
change in voltage of a cell membrane in response to a stimulus that results in transmission of an electrical signal; unique to neurons and muscle fibers
action potential
time during an action period when another action potential cannot be generated because the voltage-gated Na+ channel is inactivated
absolute refractory period
time during the refractory period when a new action potential can only be initiated by a stronger stimulus than the current action potential because voltage-gated K+ channels are not closed
relative refractory period
chemical signal that is released from the synaptic end bulb of a neuron to cause a change in the target cell
neurotransmitters
narrow junction across which a chemical signal passes from neuron to the next, initiating a new electrical signal in the target cell
synapse
??? another name for an ionotropic receptor for which a neurotransmitter is the ligand
ligand regulated gate
change in the membrane potential that varies in size, depending on the size of the stimulus that elicits it
graded potential
graded potential in the postsynaptic membrane that is the result of depolarization and makes an action potential more likely to occur
excitatory post synaptic potential (EPSP)
graded potential in the postsynaptic membrane that is the result of hyperpolarization and makes an action potential less likely to occur
inhibitory post synaptic potential (IPSP)
