PHYS- terminology quiz #1

Question 1

neural tissue cell that is primarily responsible for conducting electrical signals away from the cell body. It responds to stimuli

Answer 1

neuron

Question 2

one of the various types of neural tissue cells responsible for maintenance of the tissue, and largely responsible for supporting the functions of neurons

Answer 2

glial cell

Question 3

conducts impulse toward the CNS

Answer 3

afferent

Question 4

conducts impulse away from the CNS

Answer 4

efferent

Question 5

motor neuron innervating skeletal muscles

Answer 5

somatic

Question 6

??acting or occurring involuntarily

OR

functional division of the nervous system that is responsible for homeostatic reflexes that coordinate control of cardiac and smooth muscle, as well as glandular tissue

Answer 6

autonomic

Question 7

glial cell type in the PNS that provides the myelin insulation for axons in nerves

Answer 7

schwann cell

Question 8

proteins that function to anchor synpatic vesicles in axon terminals to the presynaptic plasma membrane

Answer 8

SNARE complex

Question 9

lipid-rich layer of insulation that surrounds an axon, formed by oligodendrocytes in the CNS and Schwann cells in the PNS; facilitates the transmission of electrical signals

Answer 9

myelin sheath

Question 10

the difference in voltage measured across a cell membrane under steady-state conditions, typically -70 mV

Answer 10

resting membrane potential

Question 11

change in a cell membrane potential from rest toward zero; inside of the membrane becomes less negative compared to outside of the membrane

Answer 11

depolarization

Question 12

return of the membrane potential to its normally negative voltage at the end of the action potential after depolarization

Answer 12

repolarization

Question 13

increase in negativity of inside of cell membrane with respect to the resting membrane potential

-membrane potential becomes more negative

Answer 13

hyperpolarization

Question 14

one of many branchlike processes that extends from the neuron cell body and functions as a contact for incoming signals (synapses) from other neurons or sensory cells

Answer 14

dendrite

Question 15

????? ion channel that opens because of a change in the charge distributed across the membrane where it is located

Answer 15

voltage regulated channel

Question 16

change in voltage of a cell membrane in response to a stimulus that results in transmission of an electrical signal; unique to neurons and muscle fibers

Answer 16

action potential

Question 17

time during an action period when another action potential cannot be generated because the voltage-gated Na+ channel is inactivated

Answer 17

absolute refractory period

Question 18

time during the refractory period when a new action potential can only be initiated by a stronger stimulus than the current action potential because voltage-gated K+ channels are not closed

Answer 18

relative refractory period

Question 19

chemical signal that is released from the synaptic end bulb of a neuron to cause a change in the target cell

Answer 19

neurotransmitters

Question 20

narrow junction across which a chemical signal passes from neuron to the next, initiating a new electrical signal in the target cell

Answer 20

synapse

Question 21

??? another name for an ionotropic receptor for which a neurotransmitter is the ligand

Answer 21

ligand regulated gate

Question 22

change in the membrane potential that varies in size, depending on the size of the stimulus that elicits it

Answer 22

graded potential

Question 23

graded potential in the postsynaptic membrane that is the result of depolarization and makes an action potential more likely to occur

Answer 23

excitatory post synaptic potential (EPSP)

Question 24

graded potential in the postsynaptic membrane that is the result of hyperpolarization and makes an action potential less likely to occur

Answer 24

inhibitory post synaptic potential (IPSP)

Question 25

molecule that specifically binds to and activates a receptor protein

Answer 25

agonist

Question 26

molecule that binds and reduces the activity of receptor proteins

Answer 26

antagonist

Question 27

association of three membrane associated protein subunits, regulated by guanosine

Answer 27

G-protein

Question 28

neuron located in the CNS; also called association neuron

Answer 28

interneuron