PHYS Anatomy of the Heart & Blood Flashcards
What oxygenation blood type does the right atrium receive?
O2-poor
Where does the right atrium pump blood to?
Right ventricle -> lungs via the pulmonary trunk & pulmonary arteries (right & left)
What oxygenation blood type does the left atrium receive?
O2-rich
Where does the left atrium pump blood to?
Left ventricle -> body via the aorta
Layers of the heart from outside to inside.
Fibrous pericardium, parietal pericardium, pericardial cavity, visceral pericardium (epicardium), myocardium, endocardium.
What do veins carry?
De-oxygenated blood back towards the heart, with the excpetion of the pulmonary vein.
What do arteries carry?
Oxygenated blood away from the heart.
What do metarterioles do?
Present and provide transport pathway between arteriole & venuole.
Types of capillaries
Continuous, fenestrated w diaphragms, fenestrated w/out diaphragms, sinusoids.
In what types of veins are valves present?
Small & medium
In what vessels are vasa vasorum present?
Elastic arteries (tunica adventitia), muscular arteries (tunica adventitia), large veins.
In what vessels are nervi vascularis present?
Muscular arteries (tunica adventitia).
Defining histological features of the epicardium
Adipose tissue & branches of the coronary vessels.
Left vs right ventricle myocardium structure
The left ventricle is characterised by a thicker myocardium because the left side of the heart has to pump oxygenated blood to the entire body and is thus under greater pressure.
Vascularisation of the myocardium
Coronary vessels
Left vs right lymphatic distribution
Right 1/4 and left 3/4
Process of heart contraction
Atrial excitation/contraction begins with the activation of the SA node, which sends a wave of depolarisation through the AV node -> ventricular excitation/contraction.
Ventricular excitation/contraction begins with the relaxation of the atria and the wave of depolarisation being passed down through the bundle of his to cause contraction of the left and right ventricles.
Atrial contraction aim is to push blood into ventricles.
Ventricular contraction aim is to push blood out of ventricles to the rest of the body.
What layer of the heart are Purkinje fibres present?
Myocardium
What vessels are responsible for the maintenance of blood pressure via vasodilation/vasoconstriction?
Arterioles
What nerve innervates the pericardium?
Phrenic nerves.
MOA TTX on cardiomyocytes.
Depolarisation of the ventricular action potential uses fast sodium channels and these are blocked by
TTX (same affect not seen in AV nodal cardiomyocytes).
