ANAT Overview of the Back & Spine Flashcards
Vertebral column composition
- Cervical C1-C7
- Thoracic T1-T12
- Lumbar L1-L5
- Coccygeal Co1-Co4
- Sacrum
C vertebrae foramen shape
Triangular
T vertebrae foramen shape
Circular
L vertebrae foramen shape
Flattened triangular
C1 also referred to as
Atlas
C2 also referred to as
Axis
Spina bifida occulta abnormality
L5/S1 do not form completely -> back pain/weakness in UL & or LL
Spina bifida cystica meningocele abnormality
Part of the spinal fluid exits through the opening in the vertebral column -> lump on back
Spina bifida cystica meningomyelocele abnormality
Part of the spinal nerves protrude through the vertebral column -> back pain/weakness in UL/LL & bowel/bladder disfunction.
Primary curves present in
T & S
Secondary curves present in
L & C
Kyphosis causes
Osteoporosis, muscle weakness
Lordosis causes
Pregnancy, obesity, weakness in abdominal wall muscles.
Scoliosis causes
Development abnormalities, muscular paralysis.
IV disc structure
Nucleus pulposus - gelatinous inner sphere (enables compressive stress absorption)
Annulus fibrosus - outer collar of ligaments & fibrocartilage (resists tension on the spine)
Change in orientation of zygapophyseal joint as one moves from rostral to caudal.
Joint plane slopes inferiorly from A-P -> flexion/ext (C)
Joint plane is vertical -> rotation (S)
What passes through the foramen transversaria of C vertebrae?
Vertebral artery & vein
Where should CSF be collected in lumbar puncture? Why? Difference in newborns.
Subarachnoid space… S.C. terminates @ L1 for most people, L2/3 for others. Must be completed lower than L4 in newborns as spinal cord extends lower into lumbar region.
Spondylosis
Normal age related changes in vertebral strcture.
Spondylolysis
Repetitive injury to pars interarticularis.
Spondylolisthesis
Slipping of one vertebrae onto the one below -> lower back pain.
Arterial supply of the breasts
Internal thoracic artery & axillary artery.
Nerves providing sensory innervation to the breast
Intercostal nerves
First line investigation of axillary lymph node.
Ultrasound
What space lies immediately deep to the breast?
Intercostal space.
