ANAT Embryology of the Heart Flashcards
What does the transverse pericardial sinus ligate?
Aorta/PT from SVC/pulmonary veins.
Explain atrial septation process.
Septum secundum is less flexible than septum primum.
What is the smooth wall of the heart derived from?
Vessel.
Explain foetal heart circulation
Foetal heart develops as a shunt between right and left side of the heart – supported by high pressure between non-functioning foetal lungs and heart (right side pressure > left side pressure).
Upon first cry at birth when lungs activate, high pressure characterising right side of the heart drops so that left side pressure > right side pressure. Left side forms systemic circulation and right side forms pulmonary circulation.
Ventricular septal defect
Results in mixing of blood across ventricles.
Septum secondum defect anatomy and complications
Small opening in foramen ovale
NB: Complications only arise if right-side pressure increases to become greater than the left-side pressure.
What enables movement of cardiac region from oropharyngeal membrane (embryological origins)?
Cranial-caudal folding
Persistent Truncus Arteriosus
Results in mixing of oxygenated & deoxygenated blood.
Tetralogy of Fallot Defects
Ventricular septal defect (VSD), pulmonary stenosis, a misplaced aorta and a thickened right ventricular wall.
Probe patent foramen ovale cause
Failure of septum primum to fuse over the foramen ovale.
What embryological germ layer did the layers of the pericardium (and lung pleura) originate from?
Mesoderm.
At what spinal level does the phrenic nerve pierce the diaphragm?
T8.
R ventricle embryological origin
Bulbus cordis
L ventricle embryological origin
Primitive ventricle
Embryological origins of the fibrous pericardial layer of the heart
Lung pleura
