ANAT Infectious Diseases of the CVS Flashcards
4 types of infectious endocarditis
- Native valve endocarditis
- Prosthetic valve endocarditis
- Endocarditis related to IV drug use
- Nosocomial endocarditis
Types of native valve endocarditis & bacteria involved
o Subacute – caused by low virulence organisms (e.g., enterococci), involving slow course.
o Acute – caused by highly virulent organisms (e.g., S. aureus, S. pyogenes), involving aggressive course.
Types of prosthetic valve endocarditis & bacteria involved
o Early PVE (<60 days post surgery) – caused by inoculation during surgery (e.g., S. aureus, candida, enterococcus, [gram -ve enteric rods, coagulase -ve staphylococci])
o Late PVE (>60 days post surgery) – mostly community-acquired (e.g., S. aureus, candida, [gram -ve enteric rods, coagulase -ve staphylococci])
IV drug use-related endocarditis bacteria involved
Most commonly affecting tricuspid valve, then aortic valve – caused by skin pathogens (e.g., S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, Serratia, Candida, [coagulase -ve staphylococci, enterococci]).
Main causative infectious agent of myocarditis
Enteroviruses - coxsackie, ECHO virus
Main causative infectious agent of pericarditis
Enteroviruses - coxsackie, ECHO virus
Symptoms of endocarditis
Fever, sweats, chills, anorexia, malaise, weight loss.
Signs of endocarditis
Anaemia, splenomegaly, clubbing of fingers, new/changing heart murmur, embolic/immunologic dermatologic signs (e.g., splinter haemorrhages, Osler’s nodes, Janeway lesions, Roth spots).
Signs & symptoms of myocarditis
Often asymptomatic, flu-like illness w chest pain, arrhythmia, signs of right/left-sided congestive heart failure.
Signs & symptoms of pericarditis
Fever, dyspnoea, chest pain, cough, friction rub, cardiac tamponade, decreased heart sounds.
Causative organism of rheumatic heart disease
S. pyogenes (GAS)
Most important criteria for endocarditis diagnosis
Positive blood cultures & echocardiographic changes.
