CLIN ECGs Flashcards
What leads are bipolar?
LI, II, III
List 12 ECG leads
6 limb leads (I, II, III) and 3 augmented limb leads (aVR, aVL, aVF) and 6 precordial leads (V1, V2 V3, V4, V5, V6).
LI heart view
Left lateral
aVL heart view
Left lateral
V5 heart view
Left lateral
V6 heart view
Left lateral
LII heart view
Inferior
LIII heart view
Inferior
aVF heart view
Inferior
V1 heart view
Anterior
V2 heart view
Anterior
V3 heart view
Anterior
V4 heart view
Anterior
sec small square
0.04s
sec large square
0.2s
Upward wave signifies
Depolarisation wave - moving towards +ve electrode.
Downward wave signifies
Depolarisation wave - moving away +ve electrode.
P wave
Atrial depolarisation/atrial systole
P wave 1st part
R atrium depolarisation
P wave 2nd part
L atrium depolarisation
PR interval
Represents time from onset of atrial activation to onset of ventricular activation.
QRS complex
Ventricular depolarisation/systole
Q wave
Septal depolarisation
R wave
Ventricular depolarisation
S wave
Purkinje fibre depolarisation
ST segment
Plateau phase of ventricular depolarisation
T wave
Ventricular repolarisation/diastole
QT interval
Interval from beginning of depolarisation to the end of repolarisation
U wave
Late repolarisation of the Purkinje fibres @ ventricles
Consistently long PR interval indicates…
First degree AV block
Gradually lengthening PR interval until absent QRS complex indicates…
T1 second-degree AV block
QRS absent without lengthening indicates…
T2 second-degree AV block
QRS consistently absent indicates
Third degree AV block
Rate calculation process for regular rhythm
300/big squares
1500/small squares
Rate calculation process for irregular rhythm
1500/big squares btw 6 x R waves
Regularly irregular saw-tooth appearance ECG indicates
Atrial flutter
Regularly irregular with affected P waves on ECG indicates
Atrial ectopic
Regular irregular with affected QRS complex on ECG indicates
Ventricular ectopic
Irregularly irregular w/out P waves on ECG indicates
AF/VF
Electrical axis combinations
o QRS positive in L1 and in aVF (normal axis)
o QRS positive in L1, negative in aVF and positive in L2 (normal axis)
o QRS positive in L1, negative in aVF and negative in L2 (left axis deviation)
o QRS negative in L1 and positive in aVF (right axis deviation)
o QRS negative in L1 and negative in aVF (North-West/No man’s land)
Tall P wave on ECG indicates
R atrial hypertrophy
Wide/notched P wave indicates
L atrial hypertrophy
Pathologically deep Q waves on ECG indicates…
Hx MI
ST elevation indicates…
Acute MI
M shaped R waves in V1, V2 on ECG indicates…
RBBB
M shaped R waves in V5, V6 on ECG indicates…
LBBB
ECG findings consistent with left ventricular hypertrophy
(S wave depth in V1 or V2 + R wave height in V5 or V6 > 35mm /7 big squares)
ECG findings consistent with right ventricular hypertrophy
(R wave height in V1 + S wave depth in V5 or V6 > 10 mm/2 big squares)
Inverted T wave on ECG indicates…
Ischaemia
