Phobias and Two-Process Model - PSYCHOPATHOLOGY Flashcards
what is a phobia
an irrational fear of an object/situation
an anxiety-linked mental disorder
who came up with the two-process model
Mowrer (1947)
what are the two processes within the two-process model
classical conditioning and operant conditioning
what is classical conditioning in phobias
a learned association between a stimulus and a response
what is operant conditioning in phobias
behaviour modification using a reinforcement and punishment
where does the two-process model say phobias come from
it assumes they are a result from learning
how is a phobia made
patients have associated a something neutral with a traumatic consequence
how is a fear strengthened to become a phobia
through avoidance of the situation (positive reinforcement)
what are behaviourist theories called
‘learning theories’
what does the social learning theory (SLT) explain
it explains some phobic behaviours that the two-process model cannot
which behaviours does the SLT explain
observational learning, modelling and vicarious reinforcement
how could observational learning explain phobias (SLT)
person identifies with role model; watches their actions
how could modelling linked explain phobias (SLT)
person imitates the phobic behaviours of role models
how could vicarious reinforcement explain phobias (SLT)
indirect reward through seeing a role model’s successful avoidance
