Behaviourist Approach - APPROACHES

Question 1

who developed the idea of classical conditioning

Answer 1

Pavlov

Question 2

classical conditioning experiment

Answer 2

dogs - salivated when smell food, rang bell everytime food was put down…dog begins to salivate when bell is rang even if there wasn’t any food

Question 3

define unconditioned stimulus

Answer 3

the object that causes a natural reaction

e.g. the food

Question 4

define unconditioned response

Answer 4

the natural response caused due to stimulus

e.g. salivating when smelling food

Question 5

define conditioned stimulus

Answer 5

an object that has been learnt to cause a response

e.g. the bell

Question 6

define conditioned response

Answer 6

the response that’s been learnt and associated with something unnatural
(e.g. salivating when hearing bell)

Question 7

define neutral stimulus

Answer 7

something not needed/necessary

bell started as neutral stimulus, after dog trained it became conditioned stimulus

Question 8

conclusion of Pavlov’s experiment

Answer 8

classical conditioning - behaviour is learned from direct experience

Question 9

what is positive reinforcement

Answer 9

something good/reward (something good given) –> strengthens behaviour
(e.g. rat presses button and receives food)

Question 10

what is negative reinforcement

Answer 10

avoids pain (the bad thing stopped) --> strengthens behaviour 
(e.g. rat is given electric shocks, presses button and they stop)

Question 11

important principle from Skinner

Answer 11

“all organisms should seek pleasure and avoid pain”

Question 12

conclusion of Skinner’s experiment

Answer 12

behaviour (is learnt through classical conditioning but) can be changed through operant conditioning