Ainsworth's Strange Situation - ATTACHMENT Flashcards

1
Q

step/situation 1 in the Strange Situation

A

mother is alone in the room with the child

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2
Q

step 2

A

a stranger enters the room and talks briefly to the mother

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3
Q

step 3

A

the stranger leans forward and tries to engage with the infant through play and talk

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4
Q

step 4

A

mother leaves the room. baby is left alone with the stranger. stranger tries to comfort baby if it gets upset

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5
Q

step 5

A

mother returns to the room and the stranger leaves

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6
Q

step 6

A

the mother leaves the room and the infant is alone

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7
Q

step 7

A

instead of the mother, the stranger comes back and tries to comfort/play with the baby

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8
Q

step 8

A

the mother re-enters the room and the stranger leaves

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9
Q

what type of study was this

A

a controlled observation study

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10
Q

what was the study designed to measure

A

the security of attachment that a child displays towards their caregiver

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11
Q

where does the study take place

A

in a room with controlled conditions (i.e. a laboratory)

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12
Q

who took part in the study

A

100 middle class American infants and their mothers

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13
Q

what did the study consist of

A

a series of observations in a specific order - testing the hypothesis

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14
Q

what were the three (original) types of attachment Ainsworth suggested

A

Insecure-avoidant
Secure
Insecure-resistant

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15
Q

how did children who were insecure-avoidant explore

A

they explored freely, didn’t seek proximity

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16
Q

did the insecure-avoidant children show secure-base behaviour

A

no, they explored freely

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17
Q

how did children who were insecure-avoidant react when the mother left the room

A

showed little or no reaction

18
Q

how did children who were insecure-avoidant react when the mother returned

A

made little effort to make contact. did not require comfort at reunion stage

19
Q

how did insecure-avoidant children respond to the stranger

A

didn’t show stranger anxiety

20
Q

how did children who were secure explore

A

they explored happily, regularly went back to caregiver

21
Q

did secure children show secure base and proximity behaviour

A

yes, they returned to the caregiver regularly but explored contently

22
Q

how did secure children react to the mother leaving the room

A

usually showed moderate separation distress

23
Q

how did secure children react to the stranger

A

showed moderate stranger anxiety

24
Q

how did secure children respond to the mother returning

A

they required and accepted comfort on the reunion stage

25
if the baby is: not bothered when mum comes back, they were classed as
insecure-avoidant
26
if the baby: explores freely without bothering where mum is
insecure-avoidant
27
if the baby:is moderately upset when mum goes
secure
28
if the baby: does not explore very much; keeps very near mum
insecure-resistant attachment
29
if the baby: is not bothered by the appearance of a stranger
insecure-avoidant
30
if the baby: is not upset at all when mum goes
insecure-avoidant
31
if the baby: is a little wary of the stranger
secure
32
if the baby: explores happily while keeping an eye on mum
secure
33
if the baby: does not like the stranger at all
insecure-resistant
34
if the baby: is cross with mum on return and not easily comforted
insecure-resistant
35
if the baby: is readily comforted by mum when she returns
secure
36
what was the fourth attachment type Ainsworth added later on
"disorganised"
37
why did Ainsworth add a fourth attachment type
construct validity was low, it became clear that some children didn't fit into the original types well
38
later study that links to the Strange Situation's internal validity
Maine et al (1981) found children showed different 'types' with mothers/fathers
39
what was Ainsworth's coefficient
0.94
40
what does the coefficient link to
inter-rater reliability
41
what is a good coefficient score usually considered to be
0.80
42
implications of research?
Ainsworth stated "secure attachment is the best type" and that they go on to lead better lives (higher IQ, more friends/money) she later said: "parents who don't achieve this are failing their children" - controversial obviously