Pharm: Antivirals Flashcards

1
Q

Valacyclovir after hepatic pass turns into acyclovir. While fanciclovir turns into?

A

Penciclovir

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2
Q

What antiviral inhibits fusion of the HSV envelope and plasma membranes?

A

Docosanol

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3
Q

What is the treatment and prophylaxis for CMV retinitis and other CMV infections in the ICC?

A

Ganciclovir

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4
Q
In viral strains resistant to acyclovir which among these can be used instead? 
Valacyclovir 
Ganciclovir 
Foscarnet
Penciclovir 
Cidofovir
A

Cidofovir

And foscarnet

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5
Q

What drug is injected intravitreally for CMV retinitis?

A

Fomivirisen

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6
Q

What component of emtricitabine make it contraindicated for pregnant patients?

A

Propylene glycol

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7
Q

T/F Lamivudine is exclusively eliminated in the kidney.

A

True

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8
Q

Besides lactic acidosis what is the other most important AE of NRTI especially in the obese?

A

Severe hepatomegaly and steatosis

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9
Q

What is the dosing for efavirenz?

A

Once a day because of its long half life.

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10
Q

Which among the protease inhibitors has the most pronounced inhibitory effect on CYP3A4?

A

Ritonavir

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11
Q

At high doses what is the adverse effect of Atazanavir?

A

Prolonged QT

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12
Q

To avoid nephrolithiasis in indinavir what does one do?

A

Hydrate!

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13
Q

Which drug is given with other PI’s so that they may be given at a lower dose?

A

Ritonavir

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14
Q

Pyrimidine derivative that binds integrase

A

Raltegavir

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15
Q

This antiviral is an adenine analog active against HSV, VZV, and CMV; used topically for herpes keratitis

A

Vidarabine

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16
Q

Which NRTI causes pancreatitis especially in alcoholic patients and with those with hypertriglyceridemia?

A

Didanosine

17
Q

Which 2 NRTIs cause peripheral neuropathy?

Which protease inhibitor causes peripheral neuropathy?

A

Stavudine and Zalcitabine (NRTIs)

Atazanavir (PI)

18
Q

2 NRTIs in AIDS also used in Hepatitis B infection:

A

Lamivudine

Tenofovir

19
Q

The primary toxicity of the prototype NRTI is:

A

Bone marrow suppression

Zidovudine

20
Q

This NNRTI is effective in preventing HIV vertical transmission when given as single doses to mothers at the onset of labor and to the neonate. Common adverse effect?

A

Nevirapine.

Rash occurs in 15-20% of patients, especially female.

21
Q

Of the protease inhibitors, this has the most pronounced inhibitory effect on CYP enzymes.

A

Ritonavir

22
Q

Which 2 antivirals have propylene glycol and are therefore contraindicated in pregnancy?

A

Emtricitabine and efavirenz

23
Q

Of the protease inhibitors, this has the most favorable safety profile.

A

Nelfinavir

24
Q

Which PI is associated with hyperbilirubinemia and neprolithiasis?

A

Indinavir

25
Q

All PI cause hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia and insulin resistance with the possible exception of this drug.

A

Fosamprenavir

Atazanavir

26
Q

Which is teratogenic among NNRTI?

A

Efavirenz

Delavirdine

27
Q

Which is given as prophylactic agents for needle prick injuries involving HIV-+ patients?

A

Zidovudine
Lamivudine
PI

28
Q

Which anti-HIV drug binds to the gp41 subunit of the virus to prevent fusion?

A

Enfuvirtide

29
Q

Which anti-HIV drug is a CCR5 antagonist?

A

Maraviroc

30
Q

Amantadine must be given within ___ hours in influenza A infection? Oseltamivir?

A

Amantadine given within 48 hours of contact. Oseltamivir to be given within 24 h after onset of symptoms.

31
Q

Contraindications to IFN-a treatment in Hep C

A

Autoimmune disease
Pregnancy
History of cardiac arrhythmias

32
Q

Ribavirin inhibits replication of which viruses:

A
Influenza A and B
Parainfluenza
RSV
HCV
HIV
33
Q

Systemic use of ribavirin results in dose-dependent _____

A

Hemolytic anemia

34
Q

HSV strains resistant to acyclovir lack this enzyme which is involved in the viral-specific phosphorylation of acyclovir.

A

Thymidine kinase

35
Q

This antiviral is active against acyclovir and ganciclovir resistant strains of HSV and CMV because its phosphorylation does NOT require viral kinase. What is its major dose-limiting toxicity?

A

Cidofovir

Nephroticity

36
Q

Foscarnet is associated with which metabolic derangement

A

Hypocalcemia

37
Q

MOA of Ribavirin

A

Precise antiviral mechanism unknown but it does:

  1. Inhibit GTP formation
  2. Prevent capping of viral mRNA
  3. Block RNA-dependent RNA pol
38
Q

Acyclovir is an analogue of?

A

Guanosine