Which layer of the abdominal wall gives rise to 1. Dartos muscle 2. Cremaster muscle 3. Tunics vaginalis

1. Superficial fascia 2. Internal oblique 3. Peritoneum

What part of the primitive gut are the ff organs from? 1. Urinary bladder 2. Urethra 3. Bile duct 4. Hepatic duct 5. Appendix

1. Hindgut 2. Hind 3. Fore 4. Fore 5. Mid

Anat: Abdomen And Pelvis Flashcards by Jasper Viloria

Which layer of the abdominal wall gives rise to

Dartos muscle
Cremaster muscle
Tunics vaginalis

Superficial fascia
Internal oblique
Peritoneum

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Give the boundaries of the foramen of Winslow.

Ant hepatoduodenal ligament
Post IVC
Superiority caudate liver
Inferior duodenum

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What vertebral level do most aneurysms occur?

L4 where the bifurcation of the aorta is located.

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What part of the primitive gut are the ff organs from?

Urinary bladder
Urethra
Bile duct
Hepatic duct
Appendix

Hindgut
Hind
Fore
Fore
Mid

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Which among these has to cross midline to get to the IVC? 
Left renal v
Right renal v
Right suprarenal v
L suprarenal b
L gonadal v
R gonadal v

Left renal vein

In addition it also crosses over the aorta and may be compressed by aneurysms of re SMA causing renal hypertension and varicocoele

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To which side of the liver will intestinal carcinoma metastasize to?

Right lobe due to its increased drainage/supply from the portal vein.

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To what side do the quadrate and caudate liver belong to, functionally?

Functionally they belong to the left love since they are supplied by the left hepatic artery. Anatomically, they are of the right lobe.

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What vessels supply and drain the upper third of the esophagus? How about the lower third?

Upper third: inferior thyroid a and v

Lower third: left gastric a and v

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The left gastroepiploic vein drains into?

The superior mesenteric vein into the portal vein

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The sympathetic supply of the stomach is from?

T6 to T9 segments of the spinal cord

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Where do gastric ulcers commonly occur?

Along the lesser curvature above the incisura angularis

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Carcinomas of the stomach commonly arise from the?

Pyloric region

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What are the boundaries of the inferior thoracic aperture?

T12, rib 11 & 12, costal margin, xiphisternal joints

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Most duodenal ulcers occur where? Most perforations occur where?

Both on the anterior wall of the first part of the duodenum. But posterior wall is more dangerous because of the presence of the gastroduodenal artery.

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What is the measurement from the nostril to the cardiac orifice of the stomach?

17.2 inches/ 44 cm

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Gastric or duodenal ulcer?

BT O
Px awakes at night because of pain
75% of all ulcers
Bleeding from left gastric artery
Pain decreases with food intake

All duodenal except for number 4

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Everything is bigger, longer, redder in the jejunum compared to the ileum EXCEPT FOR 3 key features. What are these?

Ileum has more arcades, fat and lymphoid nodules (Peyer’s patches)

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What is the most common form of intussuception and in what population does is occur in?

Ileocecal in the pediatric population

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What vessels may be obstructed by a mass in the neck or body of the pancreas?

Portal vein or IVC

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What vessels are responsible for the formation of the esophageal varices in a patient with liver cirrhosis?

Esophageal branch of the left gastric vein and esophageal branch of the Azygos system

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How long is the transverse colon?

38cm or 15 inches

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How long is the appendix?

1 inch 2.5 cm

Snell: 3-5 inches (6-10 cm)

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What supplies the rectum
1st part
2nd
3rd

1st inferior mesenteric a
2nd internal iliac a
3rd internal pudendal a

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In a renal transplant what vessels are connected to each other?
Renal artery to? Renal vein to?

In portocaval shunts:
Portal vein to? Splenic vein to?

Renal artery to internal iliac a
Renal vein to external iliac v

Portal vein to IVC
Splenic vein to Left renal vein

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Anal canal proper begins at what level?

At the level of the puborectalis

Common cause of appendicitis in children

Hyperplasia of lymphatic tissue

In males the ureter is crossed by the? How about in women?

Vas deferens in males | Uterine artery in females

Common cause of appendicitis in adults

Fecalith

Most common position of the appendix

Retrocecal | Pelvic, also according to Snell

Presentation of retrocecal appendicitis

Psoas pain - patient keeps hip flexed

Presentation of a pelvic appendicitis

May have absent abdominal tenderness on the right. Deep tenderness over the symphysis pubis. DRE: pelvic pain on the right side

Nerve commonly damaged during appendectomy

Iliohypogastric nerve - weakening of anterior abdominal wall.

Anal canal begins with a u-shaped sling formed by which muscle?

Puborectalis

Disease due to occlusion of hepatic veins

Budd-Chiari syndrome

Caput medusae result from the portal-caval anastomoses of which particular vein

Para umbilical veins -> superficial and inferior epigastric

Where is the porta hepatis?

Postero-inferior surface, between the caudate and quadrate lobes

Parasympathetic fibers of the ascending colon comes from? How about the stomach?

Both Vagus nerve

Rate of bile production (Snell)

40mL/hour

Length of the common bile duct?

3 inches / 8cm

Folding in the mucosa of the cystic duct preventing the lumen of the GB from collapsing

Spiral valve of Heister

Clinical significance of supernumerary spleens

May hypertrophy after major splenectomy and cause recurrence of symptoms for which the initial splenectomy was for.

What type of kidney develops when lower poles are fused?

Horseshoe kidney - may impinge the ureters

A fused solid pelvic kidney

Cake kidney / lump kidney

Condition when a kidney is displaced downward due to loss of supporting fat.

Nephroptosis

Cells seen in the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule?

Podocytes

Renal arterial blood flow:

Renal artery - segmental - lobar - interlobular - arcuate - interlobular - afferent art - bowman - efferent art - peritubular capillaries OR vasa recta

Inferolateral surface of the bladder

Space of Retzius

Separates the bladder from the rectum in males

Denonvilier's fascia

Mesonephros contributions to the male and female genital tract?

Efferent ductules of the testis | Ductus epididymis, ductus deferens, seminal vesicles, ejaculatory duct.

What nodes drain the prostate? How about the vagina? How about uterus?

Internal iliac nodes for ALL THREE but the fundus of the uterus drained by para aortic nodes and the lower third of the vagina drained by superficial inguinal nodes

What are the secretions of the seminal vesicles?

``` Fluid Ascorbic acid Prostaglandins Amino acids Fructose ```

All primary oocytes are formed at what lint of fetal life?

5th month

Primary oocytes arrested at what stage until puberty?

Prophase of meiosis 1

Secondary oocytes arrested at what stage until fertilization?

Metaphase of meiosis 2

Who starts dividing earlier? Egg or sperm?

Egg. Starts at fetal life. Sperm starts at puberty

Name all the posterior branches of the sciatic nerve.

``` Superior gluteal Inferior gluteal Nerve to piriformis Common peroneal nerve Posterior femoral cutaneous (mixed) ```

What hormone induces the development of the mesonephric duct into epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct?

Testosterone

Most common site for the formation of an AAA.

Proximal to the bifurcation of the aorta at L4.

Left shoulder pain due to splenic rupture

Kehr's sign

Causes the bag of worm-like appearance in varicocoele

Varicose veins of the pampineform plexus

Fascia continuous with the external spermatic fascia over the penis

Buck's fascia

What lobes of the prostate are palpable during DRE?

Posterior and lateral lobes.

Ligament originating from the base of the broad ligament containing the uterine artery and vein

Cardinal ligament (Ligament of Mackenrodt)

From which artery does the dorsal artery of the penis arise?

Internal pudendal artery

Indication for the repair of AAA?

Diameter > 5.5 cm, rapid growth, embolization of the clot

External anatomic landmark coinciding with the bifurcation of the aorta.

Umbilicus

Widest part of the large intestine

Cecum (7-9 cm in diameter)

The superior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm is continuous with which fascial layer?

The obturator internus fascia

Which rectal vein belongs to the portal circulation?

Superior rectal vein.

Aside from storage what is the other major function of the epididymis?

Capacitation

What allows more blood to enter the corpus cavernosum during erection?

Relaxation of the smooth muscle in the helicane arteries

What are the borders of the inguinal canal?

Ant EOM aponeurosis Post transversalis fascia and conjoint tendon Superior IO and transversus abdominis Inferior inguinal ligament