Pedia: GI

Question 1

Indications for endoscopy in foreign body ingestion

Answer 1

Sharp objects
Disc button batteries
(+) respiratory symptoms

Question 2

Water soluble contrast enemas are both diagnostic and therapeutic in:

Answer 2

Intussusception

Question 3

Characteristic metabolic abnormality in pyloric stenosis

Answer 3

Hypochloremic, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis

Question 4

Ultrasound is confirmatory in pyloric stenosis. What are sonographic cut-offs for this condition:

Answer 4

Pyloric thickness > 4mm

Length > 14mm

Question 5

2 mo old male noted to vomit after every feeding for the last week. Vomitus was non bilious. PE revealed movable olive shaped mass in the epigastric area. A barium enema was done. What results does one expect? What is the treatment of choice?

Answer 5

Shoulder sign and double track sign.

Ramstedt pyloromyotomy for pyloric stenosis

Question 6

Triad of Volvulus

Answer 6

Sudden onset severe epigastric pain
Inability to pass tube into stomach
Retching with emesis

Question 7

Most commonly involved gut segment in Volvulus

Answer 7

Sigmoid colon

Question 8

Most frequent congenital GI anomaly

Answer 8

Meckel diverticulum

Question 9

Currarino triad of Hirschsprung Disease

Answer 9

Anorectal malformation
Sacral bone anomalies
Pre sacral masses

Question 10

Most common cause of intestinal obstruction from age 3 mos to 6 yrs

Answer 10

Intussusception

Question 11

Intussusception is associated with which viral infection

Answer 11

Adenovirus

Question 12

When is a stool culture indicated in gastroenteritis?

Answer 12

1. HUS suspect
2. Bloody diarrhea
3. Stool with fecal leukocytes
4. Outbreak
5. Immune compromised

Question 13

What is the treatment for cholera?

Answer 13

Supportive care.
In severe cases,
TMP-SMX (age <8y)
Tetra/doxycycline (adults)

Question 14

Normal stool output of an infant

Answer 14

5 - 10 g/kg

Question 15

Hemorrhage in pancreatitis is due to the action of which pancreatic enzyme.

Answer 15

Elastase digests blood vessel walls

Question 16

Abdominal X-ray findings in pancreatitis

Answer 16

1. Sentinel loop
2. Dilated transverse colon
3. Ileus
4. Blurring of left psoas margin
5. Peripancreatic extra luminal gas bubbles

Question 17

Treatment of choice for shigella dysentery

Answer 17

TMP-SMX (US)

Quinolones in developing countries

Question 18

On hepatitis C transmission

1. Most common route
2. Second most common
3. Most prevalent for children

Answer 18

1. Blood transfusion
2. Sexual transmission
3. Perinatal transmission

Question 19

First clinical evidence of infection

Answer 19

High ALT (6-7 wks after exposure)

Question 20

Most valuable single market of acute hepatitis b infection

Answer 20

Anti-HBc

Question 21

First serologic marker to appear in hepatitis B infection

Answer 21

HBsAg

Question 22

Marker of active replication in hepatitis B

Answer 22

HBeAg

Question 23

Which marker is elevated in patients who were immunized with hep B vaccine?

Answer 23

Anti-HBs

Question 24

What is the osmolarity of the who rehydration solution? Na? Glucose?

Answer 24

245 mOsm/L

75 mEq Na, glucose

Question 25

Most common form of esophageal atresia

Answer 25

Type A.

EA + distal fistula