Biochem: Vitamins Flashcards
What co enzyme is needed for 1 aminotransferase reactions ALT AST 2 ala synthase FOR HEME 3 cystathionine synthase for cysteine formation 4 niacin syntheses from trp? 5 also for histamine, NE, epi, GABA
Vitamin B6
Folic acid uses– Give the end products:
1 THF + Formate
2 THF + Histidine, Serine and Formaldehyde
1 purine
2 thymidine
Which vitamin for:
1 Formation methionine from homocysteine
2 Succinyl CoA from fatty acids
Vitamin B12
Element in the middle of cobalamin
Cobalt
Sore spongy gums, loose teeth, fragile vessels, anemia swollen joints
Deficiency in?
Vit C
Scurvy
What drug forms an inactive derivative with pyridoxal phosphate?
INH
So supplements B6 in TB tx
What is needed as cofactors with
1 alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and pyruvate dehydrogenase
2 transketolase reactions from HMP shunt
Vit B1
Wernicke’s enceph, korsakoff and beriberi from deficiency of?
B1 thiamine
Recall that low thiamine means low ATP
Polished rice and chronic alcoholism will cause?
Thiamine deficiency
Diarrhea dermatitis and dementia are seen in which deficiency?
Niacin B3
Pellagra
Also used for tx of increased VLDL AND LDL
Hartnup disease
Carcinoid syndrome
INH use
Vit B6 deficiency
Results in which vitamin deficiency?
Niacin
Dermatitis cheiloais and glossitis are symptoms of what deficiency?
B2 Riboflavin
A bodybuilder fond of boiled eggs develops glossitis, dermatitis and loss of apetite is deficient in?
Biotin
Needed for carboxylation reactions
Vitamin used by fatty acid synthase
Pantothenate B5
What form of vitamin a is used for vision?
Retinal
What results in dry pruritic skin, increased ICP, cirrhosis liver?
Vitamin A toxicity
What results in nyctalopia, xerophthalmia, impotence and growth retardation?
Vita deficiency
What causes soft pliable bones in children and demineralized bones in adults?
Rickets and osteomalacia. Vit D deficiency
What is phylloquinone, menaquinone and menadione?
Vit k forms
Plants
bacteria
synthetic
The formation of gamma carboxyglutamaye that is vital to activation of blood clotting factors 2, 7, 9 and 10 is inhibited by?
Dicumarol
Warfarin
Bleeding with hypoprothrombinemia secondary to 2nd gen cephalosporins and malnourishment may be treated with?
Vit K
Protein C and S require which vitamin?
Vitamin K
Most toxic fat soluble vit?
Least toxic?
Vit. D
Vit. E
B3 excess causes?
Flushing. It’s niacin!
What is the most important effect of B5 deficiency?
Adrenal insufficiency!
What hematologic abnormality is results from B6 deficiency?
Sideroblastic anemia
Intake of phenytoin, methotrexate and sulfonamides may result in deficiency of?
B9 Folic acid
Low epinephrine may be seen in low SAM levels due to deficiency in which vitamins?
B12 and B6
Dopamine to NE requires which vitamin?
Vit. C!
Which water soluble vitamins can cause toxicity in high doses?
B6: >2g day, CNS toxicity
B12
Which vitamin is a constituent of Coenzyme A
B5
What are the three carboxylation reactions where biotin is a cofactor?
Pyruvate carboxylase
Acetyl CoA carboxylase
Proprionyl CoA carboxylase
Vitamin used in AA transamination
Vit. B6
Form of vitamin A used in vision?
Retinal
all Trans retinoids acid ATRA may be used for?
Acute promyelocytic leukemia
What are the 3 morphological disturbances in the anterior eye related to vit a deficiency
Bitot spots
Keratomalacia
Corneal ulcer
Craniotabes Frontal bossing Harrison groove Pigeon breast deformity Genu varum and lumbar lordosis are seen in which vitamin deficiency?
D
Also Rachitic rosary
Renal calculi is due to deficiency of which vitamin?
Due to toxicity of which vitamins
Def A keratin debris
Tox of C uric acid and D calcium stones
What vitamin is used by methyl malonyl mutase for odd number beta oxidation of FA?
B12
What vitamin is required to turn homocysteine back to methionine? To turn it into cysteine?
Met: B12 and Folic acid
Cys: B6
