Biochem: Vitamins

Question 1

What co enzyme is needed for 
1 aminotransferase reactions ALT AST
2 ala synthase FOR HEME
3 cystathionine synthase for cysteine formation
4 niacin syntheses from trp?
5 also for histamine, NE, epi, GABA

Answer 1

Vitamin B6

Question 2

Folic acid uses– Give the end products:
1 THF + Formate
2 THF + Histidine, Serine and Formaldehyde

Answer 2

1 purine

2 thymidine

Question 3

Which vitamin for:
1 Formation methionine from homocysteine
2 Succinyl CoA from fatty acids

Answer 3

Vitamin B12

Question 4

Element in the middle of cobalamin

Answer 4

Cobalt

Question 5

Sore spongy gums, loose teeth, fragile vessels, anemia swollen joints

Deficiency in?

Answer 5

Vit C

Scurvy

Question 6

What drug forms an inactive derivative with pyridoxal phosphate?

Answer 6

INH

So supplements B6 in TB tx

Question 7

What is needed as cofactors with
1 alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and pyruvate dehydrogenase
2 transketolase reactions from HMP shunt

Answer 7

Vit B1

Question 8

Wernicke’s enceph, korsakoff and beriberi from deficiency of?

Answer 8

B1 thiamine

Recall that low thiamine means low ATP

Question 9

Polished rice and chronic alcoholism will cause?

Answer 9

Thiamine deficiency

Question 10

Diarrhea dermatitis and dementia are seen in which deficiency?

Answer 10

Niacin B3
Pellagra

Also used for tx of increased VLDL AND LDL

Question 11

Hartnup disease
Carcinoid syndrome
INH use
Vit B6 deficiency

Results in which vitamin deficiency?

Answer 11

Niacin

Question 12

Dermatitis cheiloais and glossitis are symptoms of what deficiency?

Answer 12

B2 Riboflavin

Question 13

A bodybuilder fond of boiled eggs develops glossitis, dermatitis and loss of apetite is deficient in?

Answer 13

Biotin

Needed for carboxylation reactions

Question 14

Vitamin used by fatty acid synthase

Answer 14

Pantothenate B5

Question 15

What form of vitamin a is used for vision?

Answer 15

Retinal

Question 16

What results in dry pruritic skin, increased ICP, cirrhosis liver?

Answer 16

Vitamin A toxicity

Question 17

What results in nyctalopia, xerophthalmia, impotence and growth retardation?

Answer 17

Vita deficiency

Question 18

What causes soft pliable bones in children and demineralized bones in adults?

Answer 18

Rickets and osteomalacia. Vit D deficiency

Question 19

What is phylloquinone, menaquinone and menadione?

Answer 19

Vit k forms
Plants
bacteria
synthetic

Question 20

The formation of gamma carboxyglutamaye that is vital to activation of blood clotting factors 2, 7, 9 and 10 is inhibited by?

Answer 20

Dicumarol

Warfarin

Question 21

Bleeding with hypoprothrombinemia secondary to 2nd gen cephalosporins and malnourishment may be treated with?

Answer 21

Vit K

Question 22

Protein C and S require which vitamin?

Answer 22

Vitamin K

Question 23

Most toxic fat soluble vit?

Least toxic?

Answer 23

Vit. D

Vit. E

Question 24

B3 excess causes?

Answer 24

Flushing. It’s niacin!

Question 25

What is the most important effect of B5 deficiency?

Answer 25

Adrenal insufficiency!

Question 26

What hematologic abnormality is results from B6 deficiency?

Answer 26

Sideroblastic anemia

Question 27

Intake of phenytoin, methotrexate and sulfonamides may result in deficiency of?

Answer 27

B9 Folic acid

Question 28

Low epinephrine may be seen in low SAM levels due to deficiency in which vitamins?

Answer 28

B12 and B6

Question 29

Dopamine to NE requires which vitamin?

Answer 29

Vit. C!

Question 30

Which water soluble vitamins can cause toxicity in high doses?

Answer 30

B6: >2g day, CNS toxicity | B12

Question 31

Which vitamin is a constituent of Coenzyme A

Answer 31

B5

Question 32

What are the three carboxylation reactions where biotin is a cofactor?

Answer 32

Pyruvate carboxylase Acetyl CoA carboxylase Proprionyl CoA carboxylase

Question 33

Vitamin used in AA transamination

Answer 33

Vit. B6

Question 34

Form of vitamin A used in vision?

Answer 34

Retinal

Question 35

all Trans retinoids acid ATRA may be used for?

Answer 35

Acute promyelocytic leukemia

Question 36

What are the 3 morphological disturbances in the anterior eye related to vit a deficiency

Answer 36

Bitot spots Keratomalacia Corneal ulcer

Question 37

``` Craniotabes Frontal bossing Harrison groove Pigeon breast deformity Genu varum and lumbar lordosis are seen in which vitamin deficiency? ```

Answer 37

D Also Rachitic rosary

Question 38

Renal calculi is due to deficiency of which vitamin? | Due to toxicity of which vitamins

Answer 38

Def A keratin debris | Tox of C uric acid and D calcium stones

Question 39

What vitamin is used by methyl malonyl mutase for odd number beta oxidation of FA?

Answer 39

B12

Question 40

What vitamin is required to turn homocysteine back to methionine? To turn it into cysteine?

Answer 40

Met: B12 and Folic acid Cys: B6