Anat: Back, Neck and Thorax Flashcards by Jasper Viloria

Which spinothalamic tract carries pain and temperature?

Lateral

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All smooth muscles are derived from the splanchnic mesoderm EXCEPT:

Somatic mesoderm: blood vessels of the body wall

Ectoderm: The smooth muscles of the iris and the myoepithelial glands

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What Cervical fascial layer is the false capsule of the thyroid from?

Pre tracheal layer

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What is the only infrahyoid muscle NOT innervated by the ansa cervicalis?

Thyrohyoid

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What are the anterior and posterior boundaries of the Retropharyngeal space?

Buccopharyngeal facia and the pre vertebral facscia. The space extends from the base of skull to the posterior mediastinum!

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What Cervical fascial layer forms the floor of the posterior triangle of the neck?

Pre vertebral layer

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What are the contents of the carotid sheath?

ICA, IJV, vagus and deep cervical LN.

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Which among the cricoarytenoids has the same function as the transverse arytenoid?

Closes the glottis like the posterior cricoarytenoids.

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What laryngeal muscle has the opposite effect as the thyroarytenoids?

Cricothyroids as they are responsible for tensing the vocal ligaments.

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Anterior radicular artery of segments T9-T13; usually found on the L side of the body

Artery of Adamkiewicz

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How many spinal nerves are there?

31 pairs

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How many intervertebral discs are there?

No IV disc between C1 and C2, sacrum, coccyx.

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2 point discrimination is a function of which ascending tract

Dorsal or posterior column

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Which ascending or descending pathway is affected with initial stages of syringomyelia

Spinothalamic

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Muscles of mastication are derived from which pharyngeal arch

First

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Which demifacet of the head of the rib attaches to the vertebra of the same angle as the rib?

The inferior one.

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Scalene tubercle is to 1st rib as the serratus anterior tubercle is to?

2nd rib

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What layers does one have to pass through upon starting pericardiocentesis in the xiphocostal angle?

Skin fascia – rectus sheath rectus muscle – fibrous pericardium –serous pericardium
AND PRESTO! You are in the pericardial space!

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Which vein travels with the anterior IV artery?

Great cardiac vein

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That are the 5 vessels that open onto the right atrium?

IVC SVC Coronary sinus
Venis cordae minimae
Anterior cardiac v

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Where can trabecuale carnae be found?

R and L ventricles

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What part of the wart tube primordia gives rise to both the conus areteriosus and the aortic vestibule of the left ventricle?

Bulbus cordis

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Give the path of unoxygenated blood in the fetus.

SVC
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Pulmonary trunk
Ductus areteriosus
Aorta

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Enlargement of what portion of the heart results in distortion if the carina?

Left atrium

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Enumerate what areas a foreign body is likely to be lodged in: 1. Sitting/ standing 2. Supine 3. Lying on right side 4. Lying on left side

1. Posterior basal BPS of the right lower lobe 2. Superior BPS if the right lower lobe 3. Posterior BPS of the right upper lobe 4. Inferior lingular BPS of the left upper lobe

Where do bronchial veins of the lung drain?

Azygous and hemizygous veins While pulmo veins drain into the left atrium

Where do bronchial arteries for the lung arise from?

The descending thoracic aorta

Where does one insert a needle for a thoracentesis? What layers are traversed?

8th ICS MAL. Skin superficial fascia ex IC, int IC, innermost IC, thoracic cavity.

Where does one insert a needle for IJV catheterization?

At the apex of triangle formed by the 2 heads of the SCM and clavicle on the right side

The nipple can usually be found at what ICS?

4th

How many deciduous teeth are there?

20 | 4 incisors, 2 canines, 4 molars / jaw

All pharyngeal muscles are innervated by the pharyngeal plexus except ___. What is its action and innervation?

Stylopharyngeus. Elevates larynx during swelling. CN IX.

What are the three boundaries of the thoracic inlet?

Posterior: T1 Lateral: medial first rib Anterior: manubrium

What three muscles of the thoracic wall depress the ribs and help in flexed expiration?

Internal intercostal Transversus thoracis Serratus posterior inferioris

Where is the apex beat?

5th ICS, 9 cm (3.5 in) from the midline

The superior thyroid artery is usually accompanied by which nerve?

External laryngeal nerve

What is the posterior most chamber of the heart

Left atrium

The right atrium receives 5 openings. What are they?

``` SVC IVX Anterior cardiac vein Venae cordis minimis Middle cardiac vein ```

Which vein accompanies the posterior inter ventricular artery?

Middle cardiac vein

Substernal pain in angina pectoris may be referred to which dermatomes?

T1 - T5

Most common site of occlusion in MI?

Anterior interventricular artery

This chamber characterized by the presence of the moderator band

Right ventricle

Which veins drain into the coronary sinus?

Great cardiac vein Small cardiac vein Middle cardiac vein

The AV node delays conduction by how long.

0.11 sec

The right coronary artery is derived from ___.

Anterior aortic sinus

What is the normal heart rate according to Snell?

70 - 90 bpm

What artery supplies the SA node?

RCA in 65%, LCA in 35%

The origin of this artery determines whether the heart is right or left side dominant.

Posterior interventricular artery

The primitive ventricle gives rise to the ___ while the bulbus cordis becomes the ___.

Left ventricle; | Right ventricle

Most common type of CHD

VSD

Most common cause of cyanotic CHD

Transposition of the great arteries

Trace the pathway for oxygenated blood in the fetus starting from the umbilical vein and ending in the aorta.

Umbilical vein > ductus venosus > IVC > R atrium > for amen ovale > L atrium > L ventricle > aorta

Trace the pathway for oxygenated blood in the fetus starting from the SVC and ending in the aorta.

SVC > RA > RV > pulmonary trunk > | Ductus arteriosus > aorta

Ductus arteriosus connects which two structures. Be specific.

Arch of the aorta | Left pulmonary artery

What is the diameter of the respiratory bronchiole?

0.5 mm

The costal line of the pleural reflection passes obliquely across which ribs in the MCL, MAL and the vertebral column margin?

MCL: 8th rib MAL: 10th rib Vert: 12th rib

The lower margin of lungs crosses which ribs in the MCL, MAL and the vertebral column margin?

MCL: 6th rib MAL: 8th rib VC: 10th rib

The visceral pleura is not sensitive to pain but is sensitive to __.

Stretch

The apex of the lung can go as far as ___ cm above the clavicle

2.5

What are the segments of the right lung?

Superior lobe: apical, post, ant Middle lobe: medial, lateral Lower lobe: sup, ant basal, med basal, lat basal, post basal

Site of auscultation of the middle lobe?

Anterior chest wall near sternum, inferior to the right 4th costal cartilage

How long and wide is the trachea?

2. 5 cm in diameter (1 in) | 11. 25 cm long (4.5 in)

``` Where will the foreign body lodge in a patient that is: A. Sitting / standing B. Supine C. Lying on the right side D. Lying on the left side ```

A. R lower lobe; posterior basal B. R lower lobe; superior C. R upper lobe; posterior D. L upper lobe; inferior lingular

In thoracentesis, the needle is passed through which ICS

9th ICS

Branches of the first part of subclavian

Vertebral Thyrocervical Internal thoracic

What are the branches of the costocervical trunk?

Superior intercostal - supplies 1st and 2nd ribs | Deep cervical - deep muscles of the back

The azygos vein is formed by the union of:

R ascending lumbar and | R Subcostal vein

What structures pass through the caval hiatus of the diaphragm? Esophageal? Aortic?

Caval: IVC, R phrenic n Esophageal: esophagus, vagus n, esophageal branch of the L gastric, lymphatics from lower third of esophagus Aortic: aorta, thoracic duct, azygos

What are the boundaries of the breast?

Lateral: midaxillary line Medial: sternum Superior: 2nd rib Inferior: 6th rib

What are the terminal branches of the internal thoracic artery?

Superior epigastric a Musculophrenic area It ends in the 6th ICS.

The coronary sinus is a continuation of which vein

Great cardiac vein

Most laterally placed structure in the mediastinum

Thoracic sympathetic trunk

How does one differentiate between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and subacute combined degeneration caused by vit B12?

AML has NO sensory loss only UMN and LMN motor components of the SC. SCD has degeneration of BOTH posterior and lateral (corticospinal tract) columns resulting in a mixed sensory and motor deficits.