Personality Diff Perspectives Flashcards
Libido
life instinct
death instinct
aggressive behaviors fueled by unconscious wish to die, hurt oneself, or others
Id
Pleasure Principle. Reduce pain, tension, gain pleasure. No logic/moral reasoning
Ego
reality principle. use logical thinking to control consciousness and ID
Superego
inhibits id and influences ego. strives for perfection
Ego Defense Mechanisms
used to cope with anxiety and protect ego. unconsciously deny or distort reality
Psychosexual Stages
Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital
Oral psychosexual stage
sensual pleasure such as sucking and chewing
Anal Psychosexual Stage
sensual pleasure through control of elimination
Phallic Psychosexual Stage
Attraction to opp sex. Oedipus and Electra complexes
Latency Psychosexual Stage
Interest in school, friends, sports
Genital Psychosexual Stage
begins in adolescence. life/sexual energy fuel activity
Goal of Psychoanalytic Therapy
help patient become aware of his/her unconscious motives. Talk Therapy
Humanistic Perspective
Focus on healthy personality development. seen as inherently good.
Actualizing Tendency
an innate drive to maintain and enhance the organism
Self-Actualization
realizing his or her potential as long as no obstacle intervenes
Self-Concept
Conscious, subjective perceptions, and beliefs about him/herself
Incongruence
encounter experiences in life that contradict self-concepts
Goal of Humanistic Therapy
Provide environment that will help clients accept themselves and emotional reactions so they can learn and grow
Behaviorist Perspective
personality is result of learned behavior patterns based on a person’s environment
Deterministic Perspective
people start as blank slate. Subsequent reinforcement/Punishment shapes personality
Goal of Behavioral Therapy
Use conditioning to shape a client’s behavior in a desired direction
Shaping
Reinforcing by with smaller amounts until goal is reached
ABC Model
Functional Assessment to determine antecedents of behavior, and consequences of behavior. Therapy aims to change antecedents and consequences
Social Cognitive Perspective
Personality is formed by reciprocal interaction among behavioral, cognitive, and environmental factors. Vicarious learning
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
Person’s feelings and behaviors are seen as reaction to person’s thoughts about those events
Goal of CBT
help client become aware of irrational thoughts and substitute rational ones
Trait Perspective
Trait theory focus on identifying, describing, measuring, and comparing individual differences and similarities with respect to those traits
Surface Traits
triats evident from behavior
Source Traits
abstract traits such as extroversion or introversion
Raymond Catell 5 global factors (source traits)
Extroversion, Anxiety, Receptivity, Accomodation, Self-Control
McCrae and Costa Five Factor model
Extroverion, Neuroticism, Openness, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness. Used for career assessments
Biological Perspective
Personality is due to biology
Hans Eysneck bio perspective
inidividual differences in reticular formation gives level of extroversion and introversion. Neuroticism is based on limbic system differences
Jeffrey Alan Gray Bio Perspective
Personality governed by Sympathetic NS(fear), Behavior Inhibition System (Worry), Behavioral Approach System. (impulsivity)
C Robert Cloninger Bio Perspective
Brain systems are related to reward, motivation, and punishment. Record level of Neurotransmitters.
If one is low on dopamine, they seem to be more
impulsive. Cloninger
If one is low on serotonin, they seem to be more
likely to avoid risks. Cloninger
If one is low on norepinephrine, they seem to be more
approval seeking and dependent on rewards. Cloninger
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Physiological, Safety, Love/Belonging, Esteem, Self-Actualization
