Cognition Flashcards
Four Stages of Piaget’s Theory
Sensorimotor stage, Preoperational stage, Concrete operational stage, Formal operational stage
Age of sensorimotor stage
birth to age 2
What is learned through sensorimotor stage
object permanence
Object permanence
things continue to exist when they are out of sight
What did Piaget believe
that we assimilate new experiences by putting them into our schemas or we accommodate by adjusting out schemas to take into account new experiences
Age of Preoperational stage
age 2 to 7
What is learned during preoperational stage
pretend play, lack logical reasoning, learn things can be represented through symbols such as words and images
Age of concrete operational stage
age 7 to 11
Description of lesson concrete operational stage
learn to think logically about concrete events. Quantity remains same despite change in shape
Age of formal operational stage
age 12 to adulthood
Description of formal operational stage
People learn abstract reasoning and moral reasoning
Recall
retrieve info from memory without clues
Recognition
retrieve info from memory with clues
Confirmation bias
being unable to approach things from multiple perspectives and view only from one way
Fixation
inability to see problem from fresh perspective
mental set
tendency to fixate on solutions that worked in the past though they may not apply to the current situation
Functional Fixedness
tendency to perceive the functions of objects as fixed and unchanging
Heuristics
mental shortcuts
representativeness heuristic
tendency to judge the likelihoods of an event occurring based on our typical mental representations of those events.. Shark vs Vending Machine p.96
Availability heuristic
tendency to make judgments based on how readily available information is in our memories p.96
belief bias
tendency to judge arguments based on what one believes about their conclusions rather than on whether they use sound logical
belief perseverance
tendency to cling to beliefs despite presence of contrary evidence
