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MCAT > Hormones > Flashcards

Hormones Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

What 6 hormones does the anterior pituitary gland secrete?

A

Prolactin, thyrotropin, adrenocorticotropin, growth hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone

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2
Q

What hormones does the posterior pituitary gland secrete?

A

Vasopressin and oxytocin

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3
Q

What is a trophic hormone?

A

Controls secretion of another hormone

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4
Q

What neurons in the hypothalamus make vasopressin and oxytocin?

A

Paraventricular nuclei

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5
Q

What does vasopressin do?

A

Regulate water balance

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6
Q

What does oxytocin do?

A

Contraction of uterus and ejection of milk

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7
Q

Thyroid hormone release pathway

A

Thyrotropin release hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, thyroid gland, thyroid hormones

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8
Q

What neurotransmitter inhibits prolactin release?

A

Dopamine

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9
Q

What does prolactin do?

A

Milk production, regulate immune system,

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10
Q

What releases prolactin?

A

Thyrotropin releasing hormone

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11
Q

Cortisol release pathway

A

Corticotropin releasing hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, adrenal cortex, cortisol

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12
Q

What inhibits the release of growth hormone?

A

Somatostatin

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13
Q

Androgen and estrogen release pathway

A

Gonadotropin releasing hormone, FSH/LH, gonadotropin, endocrine cells of gonads, androgens/estrogens

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14
Q

What is synergism?

A

Interaction between two hormones yield greater effect

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15
Q

Permissive interaction between hormones

A

Hormone allows another hormone to exert its full effect

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16
Q

Antagonistic hormones

A

Work against each other

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17
Q

what is cortisol?

A

regulates physiological endpoints in response to stress and concentration of blood

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18
Q

what is a physiological endpoint?

A

a point in which levels are constant

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19
Q

Where are steroid hormones made?

A

synthesized from cholesterol in the smooth ER

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20
Q

Where are peptide hormones made?

A

Rough ER

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21
Q

What kind of hormones have a carrier?

A

Steroids

22
Q

What’s the timing of effect for peptide hormones?

A

Short and fast

23
Q

What’s the timing of effect for steroid hormones?

A

Long and slow

24
Q

What do peptide hormones aim to do?

A

modify enzyme activity

25
Q

Which peptide hormone modulates transcription?

A

Thyroid Hormone

26
Q

Where are peptide hormones modified?

A

Golgi

27
Q

What type of signaling do peptide hormones initiate?

A

Signal Amplification

28
Q

What atom is associated with Thyroid Hormone?

A

Iodine

29
Q

What amino acid makes Thyroid Hormone?

A

Tyrosine

30
Q

What does Thyroid Hormone do?

A

increases metabolic rate and temperature. Generates growth in children

31
Q

What environmental condition increases the release of Thyroid Hormone?

A

cold temperature

32
Q

What hormone causes release of cortisol?

A

ACTH

33
Q

What does growth hormone do?

A

increase bone and muscle growth. increase cell turnover

34
Q

From the anterior pituitary, which hormones are tropic?

A

TSH and ACTH

35
Q

From the anterior pituitary, which hormones are gonadotropic?

A

LH and FSH

36
Q

Are most hormones in the body peptides or steroids?

A

peptides

37
Q

What is the function of calcitonin?

A

decrease calcium by depositioning it in the bone or kidney

38
Q

What hormone does the Parathyroid Gland release?

A

Parathyroid Hormone

39
Q

What is the function of Parathyroid Hormone?

A

raises Calcium level

40
Q

What hormone found in children increases T Cell Development?

A

Thymosin

41
Q

What hormone is released from the adrenal medulla?

A

Epinephrine

42
Q

What type of hormone is epinephrine?

A

Modfied Amino Acid. Tyrosine Derivative

43
Q

Where does insulin come from?

A

Beta Cells in the Pancreas

44
Q

Where does glucagon come from?

A

Alpha Cells in the pancreas

45
Q

What does Somatostatin do?

A

Inhibit digestive processes

46
Q

Testosterone is what kind of hormone?

A

Lipid

47
Q

The ovaries and placenta secrete which hormones?

A

Estrogen and Progesterone

48
Q

What peptide hormone comes from the heart?

A

Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF)

49
Q

What is the function of ANF?

A

Increase in urination and decrease blood pressure

50
Q

What hormone does the kidney secrete?

A

Erythropoietin

51
Q

What is the function of Erythropoietin?

A

increase RBC synthesis

MCAT (46 decks)

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