Hormones Flashcards
What 6 hormones does the anterior pituitary gland secrete?
Prolactin, thyrotropin, adrenocorticotropin, growth hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone
What hormones does the posterior pituitary gland secrete?
Vasopressin and oxytocin
What is a trophic hormone?
Controls secretion of another hormone
What neurons in the hypothalamus make vasopressin and oxytocin?
Paraventricular nuclei
What does vasopressin do?
Regulate water balance
What does oxytocin do?
Contraction of uterus and ejection of milk
Thyroid hormone release pathway
Thyrotropin release hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, thyroid gland, thyroid hormones
What neurotransmitter inhibits prolactin release?
Dopamine
What does prolactin do?
Milk production, regulate immune system,
What releases prolactin?
Thyrotropin releasing hormone
Cortisol release pathway
Corticotropin releasing hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, adrenal cortex, cortisol
What inhibits the release of growth hormone?
Somatostatin
Androgen and estrogen release pathway
Gonadotropin releasing hormone, FSH/LH, gonadotropin, endocrine cells of gonads, androgens/estrogens
What is synergism?
Interaction between two hormones yield greater effect
Permissive interaction between hormones
Hormone allows another hormone to exert its full effect
Antagonistic hormones
Work against each other
what is cortisol?
regulates physiological endpoints in response to stress and concentration of blood
what is a physiological endpoint?
a point in which levels are constant
Where are steroid hormones made?
synthesized from cholesterol in the smooth ER
Where are peptide hormones made?
Rough ER
What kind of hormones have a carrier?
Steroids
What’s the timing of effect for peptide hormones?
Short and fast
What’s the timing of effect for steroid hormones?
Long and slow
What do peptide hormones aim to do?
modify enzyme activity
Which peptide hormone modulates transcription?
Thyroid Hormone
Where are peptide hormones modified?
Golgi
What type of signaling do peptide hormones initiate?
Signal Amplification
What atom is associated with Thyroid Hormone?
Iodine
What amino acid makes Thyroid Hormone?
Tyrosine
What does Thyroid Hormone do?
increases metabolic rate and temperature. Generates growth in children
What environmental condition increases the release of Thyroid Hormone?
cold temperature
What hormone causes release of cortisol?
ACTH
What does growth hormone do?
increase bone and muscle growth. increase cell turnover
From the anterior pituitary, which hormones are tropic?
TSH and ACTH
From the anterior pituitary, which hormones are gonadotropic?
LH and FSH
Are most hormones in the body peptides or steroids?
peptides
What is the function of calcitonin?
decrease calcium by depositioning it in the bone or kidney
What hormone does the Parathyroid Gland release?
Parathyroid Hormone
What is the function of Parathyroid Hormone?
raises Calcium level
What hormone found in children increases T Cell Development?
Thymosin
What hormone is released from the adrenal medulla?
Epinephrine
What type of hormone is epinephrine?
Modfied Amino Acid. Tyrosine Derivative
Where does insulin come from?
Beta Cells in the Pancreas
Where does glucagon come from?
Alpha Cells in the pancreas
What does Somatostatin do?
Inhibit digestive processes
Testosterone is what kind of hormone?
Lipid
The ovaries and placenta secrete which hormones?
Estrogen and Progesterone
What peptide hormone comes from the heart?
Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF)
What is the function of ANF?
Increase in urination and decrease blood pressure
What hormone does the kidney secrete?
Erythropoietin
What is the function of Erythropoietin?
increase RBC synthesis
