Equilibrium Flashcards
What is equilibrium?
State at which both forward and reverse reactions will occur at a constant rate
If Keq is greater than one what is favored?
Products
If Keq is less than one what is favored?
Reactants
If Keq is equal to 1 what does this mean?
Reaction has equal amounts of reactants and products
If Q is less than Keq what is favored in reaction?
Forward. Products
If Q is greater than Keq what is favored?
Reverse. Reactants
Le chateliers principle
If a system is in equilibrium it will try to neutralize any imposed change to reestablish equilibrium
According to LCP if pressure is increased and volume is decreased what direction is the reaction favored?
Towards direction with lower amounts of gas to reestablish equilibrium
According to LCP if there is a decrease in pressure and increase in volume, which direction is favored in reaction?
The direction with more moles of gas to reestablish equilibrium
If add catalyst to a system at equilibrium, what occurs?
Nothing because it increases rate of both forward and reverse equally
What are electrolytes?
Free ions in a solution that can conduct electricity
Describe solubility of strong electrolytes
Dissociate completely and are better conductors
Describe solubility of weak electrolytes
Partially dissociate
What is a vant hoff factor?
Tells how many ions one unit of substance will produce in a solution
What is a saturated solution?
Solution in which no more solute will dissolve. Precipitation occurs at the same time as dissolving. Solid form and dissolved form are at equilibrium
What does solubility vary with?
Temperature
The solubility of solids in liquids increases when what happens
Temp increases
Solubility of gases in liquids tend to what with temp
Decrease with temp
Solubility with gas in liquid tend to what with pressure?
Increase with pressure
Are silver, lead, and Mercury salts soluble or insoluble
Insoluble. Unless paired with nitrate, perchlorate, or acetate
What group of metal salts are soluble?
Group I
Are ammonium salts soluble?
Yes
What 3 negatively charged salts are soluble?
Nitrate, perchlorate, and acetate
What is the effect of partial pressure of gas above liquid on solubility?
As this partial pressure increases, dissolved gas increase but equilibrium constant remains the same
What is molar solubility?
Number of moles of salts that will saturate a liter of water
If the ion product is less than solubility product constant, which direction is reaction favored?
Forward. More salt can be dissolved
If ion product is greater than solubility constant, what direction of reaction is favored?
Reversed. Excess salt will precipitate
If ion product is equal to solubility constant, what does this tell us?
Solution is saturated
Common ion effect
Molar solubility decreases if another solute is added that has the same ion
