Pediatrics

Question 1

What are the newborn screening tests?

Answer 1

“Please Check BBefore Going HHome”
- PKU
- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
- Biotinidase, ß-thalassemia
- Galactosemia
- Hypothyroidism, Homocystinuria

Question 2

What is VATER syndrome?

Answer 2

VATER
- Vertebral abnormality
- Anal
- TE fistula
- Renal

Question 3

What is an average IQ?

Answer 3

85-100

Question 4

What are the most common causes of mental retardation in the US?

Answer 4

EtOH
Fragile X
Down’s

Question 5

What is Rubeola known as?

Answer 5

Measles

Question 6

What is Rubella also known as?

Answer 6

German measles
= röteln

MMR = Masern Mumps und Röteln

Question 7

What is the APGAR test?

Answer 7

Test at 1 and 5 min (normal >7)

Appearance (color)
Pulse
Grimace
Activity
Respiration

Question 8

What is the most common eye infection the first day of life?

Answer 8

Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate

Question 9

What is the most common eye infection the first week of life?

Answer 9

Gonorrhea => purulent discharge

Question 10

What is the most common eye infection in the second week of life?

Answer 10

Chlamydia

Question 11

What is the most common eye infection in the third week of life?

Answer 11

Herpes

Question 12

What are the causes of Hyperbilirubinemia?

Answer 12

Sepsis
ABO incompatibility
Hypothyroidism
Breastfeeding

Question 13

What is the cause of symmetrically small babies?

Answer 13

Chromosomal abnormality or ToRCHS

Question 14

What is the cause of asymmetrically small babies?

Answer 14

Poor blood supply spares brain
=> small body, normal head

Question 15

What is the cause of large babies?

Answer 15

DM or twin-twin transfusions

Question 16

What is Milia?

Answer 16

Neonatal whiteheads on malar area

Question 17

What is Nevus Flammeus?

Answer 17

“Stork bites” on back of neck
Look like flames

Question 18

What is seborrheic dermatitis?

Answer 18

Red rash w/ oily skin
Dry, flaky hairline

Question 19

What are Hemangiomas?

Answer 19

Flat blood vessels

Question 20

What are Mongolian spots?

Answer 20

Melanocytes on lower back

Question 21

What is Erythema Toxicum?

Answer 21

White vesicle on red area, has eosinophils

Question 22

What is Subgaleal Hemorrhage?

Answer 22

Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma

Question 23

What is Caput Succedaneum?

Answer 23

Bleeding under scalp
(Edema crosses suture lines)

Question 24

What is Cephalohematoma?

Answer 24

Bleeding under bone
(Blood not cross suture lines)

Question 25

What is an Epstein’s pearl?

Answer 25

White pearls on hard palate

Question 26

What is persistent eye drainage since birth usually due to?

Answer 26

Blocked duct

Question 27

What are wide sutures due to?

Answer 27

Hypothyroidism Down’s

Question 28

What causes a Cleft Lip?

Answer 28

Medial nasal prominence did not fuse

Question 29

What causes a Cleft Palate?

Answer 29

Maxillary shelves did not fuse

Question 30

What is the most common cause of no red reflex?

Answer 30

Cataracts

Question 31

What is the most common cause of a white reflex?

Answer 31

Retinoblastoma

Question 32

What is the sign of a Clavicle Fracture?

Answer 32

Asymmetric Moro reflex

Question 33

What is an omphalocele?

Answer 33

Intestines protrude out of umbilicus covered by peritoneum

Question 34

What is gastrochesis?

Answer 34

Abdominal wall defect Off-center

Question 35

What is a Nephroblastoma?

Answer 35

Kidney “Wilms tumor” Hemihypertrophy Aniridia

Question 36

What is a neuroblastoma?

Answer 36

Adrenal medulla tumor Hypo arrhythmia Opsoclonus Elev VMA

Question 37

What is polyhydramnios?

Answer 37

Too much amniotic fluid Baby can’t swallow

Question 38

What are the most common causes of polyhydramnios?

Answer 38

NM problem: Werdnig-Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia

Question 39

What is Oligohydramnios?

Answer 39

Too little amniotic fluid Baby can’t pee

Question 40

What are the most common causes of Oligohydramnios?

Answer 40

Abd muscle problem: Prune belly Renal Agenesis: Potter’s syndrome

Question 41

What is Fifth disease?

Answer 41

Erythema infectiosum “Slapped cheek” appearance Arthritis in mom Aplastic anemia

Question 42

What is Sixth disease?

Answer 42

Roseola Exanthema subitum (Fever disappears, then rash appears)

Question 43

What is Hand-foot-mouth disease?

Answer 43

Mouth ulcers => won’t eat or drink Palm/sole rash Coxsackie A virus

Question 44

What are characteristics of Measles = Rubeola?

Answer 44

1) cough, coryza, conjunctivitis 2) Koplik spot 3) morbiliform blotchy rash

Question 45

What is Molluscum Contagiosum?

Answer 45

Flesh-colored papules w/ central dimple

Question 46

What is a characteristic of Mumps?

Answer 46

Parotiditis => red Stenson’s duct

Question 47

What is Otitis Media?

Answer 47

Middle ear infection

Question 48

What is Pityriasis Rosea?

Answer 48

Herald patch -> migrates along skin lines “Christmas tree” appearance

Question 49

What are manifestations of rubella (= German 3-day measles)?

Answer 49

Trunk rash Lymphadenopathy behind ears Don’t look sick

Question 50

How is smallpox different from Chickenpox?

Answer 50

Smallpox on face Same stage of development Fever

Question 51

What are manifestations of varicella (= chickenpox)?

Answer 51

1) red macule 2) clear vesicle on red dot 3) pustule 4) scab

Question 52

What is a manifestation of Zellweger’s?

Answer 52

Neonatal seizures

Question 53

What is the most common cause of delayed speech development?

Answer 53

Hearing loss

Question 54

What are the signs of child abuse?

Answer 54

- multiple ecchymoses - retinal hemorrhage - epidural/subdural hemorrhage - spiral fractures (twisted) - multiple fractures in different healing stages

Question 55

What should you rule out when child abuse is suspected?

Answer 55

- osteogenesis imperfecta - bleeding disorders - fifth disease - Mongolian spots