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Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

Which cytokine do macrophages produce?

A

IL-1

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2
Q

Which cytokines do Th cells stimulate?

A

Everything other than IL-1

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3
Q

Which enlarged lymph nodes are most likely malignant?

A

Supraclavicular
Epitrochlear (above elbow)
Inguinal

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4
Q

Who are the CD8 cells?

A

Tk (killer) or Ts (suppressor) cell

Responds to MHC-1 (self)

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5
Q

Which of your cells express MHC-1?

A

All except RBCs and platelets

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6
Q

Who are the CD4 cells?

A

Th (helper) cell

Responds to MHC II (non-self)

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7
Q

What type of immunity does Th1 provide?

A

Cell-mediated

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8
Q

What do Th1 cells secrete?

A

IFN-gamma

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9
Q

What do Th2 cells secrete?

A

IL-4
IL-5
IL-6
IL-13

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10
Q

What type of immunity does Th2 provide?

A

Humoral

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11
Q

What do B cell deficiency patients die of?

A

Bacterial infection

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12
Q

What is Common Variable Hypogammaglobulinemia?

A

Kids w/ B cells don’t differentiate into plasma cells
=> low Ab

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13
Q

What is Bruton’s agammaglobulinemia?

A

Young adults w/ defective Tyr kinase
=> no Ab

X-Linked recessive

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14
Q

What is Job’s Syndrome?

A

Red headed females
Stuck in IgE stage

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15
Q

What is multiple myeloma?

A

Multiple osteolytic lesions
IgG
Lots of Kappa light chains
Rouleaux formation

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16
Q

What is Heavy Chain Disease?

A

IgA
Multiple myeloma of GI tract

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17
Q

What is Selective IgG2 deficiency?

A

Recurrent encapsulated infections

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18
Q

What is Selective IgA deficiency?

A

Transfusion anaphylaxis
Mucous membrane infections

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19
Q

What is Hairy Cell Leukemia?

A

Fried egg/sunburst appearance
TRAP pos

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20
Q

What is Ataxia Telangiectasia?

A

Low IgA
Neuro problems

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21
Q

What is HyperIgM syndrome?

A

High IgM
All other Ab are low

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22
Q

What do T-cell deficiency patients die of?

A

Viral infection
CMV
EBV

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23
Q

What is DiGeorge Syndrome?

A

No thymus/inferior parathyroids
Low calcium

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24
Q

What is Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis?

A

T cell defect against Candida albicans
Chronic fatigue

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25
Q

What is SCID?

A

No thymus
Frayed long bones
Baby dies by 18 mo
Adenosine deaminase deficiency

X-linked recessive

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26
Q

What is Wiscott-Aldrich?

A

Low IgM
Low platelets
High IgA
Eczema
Petechiae

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27
Q

What does the CD4 count tell you?

A

Status of HIV
(Normal CD4 = 1000)

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28
Q

What does the viral load tell you?

A

Progression of HIV

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29
Q

What organs have the most CD4 receptors?

A

Blood vessels
Brain
Testicles
Cervix
Rectum

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30
Q

What are the 3 tests used to screen for HIV?

A

ELISA
-> detects IgG Ab to p24 Ab

Western blot
-> see >2 proteins

PCR
-> detects virus (use in babies >18 months)

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31
Q

What is the definition of AIDS?

A

CD4 <200 microL
OR
Clinical symptoms

32
Q

What are the Live vaccines?

A

“use MMR B/C it VaRYS”
- Mumps
- Measles (= Rubeola = 2w measles)
- Rubella (= German measles = 3d measles)
- BCG
- Varicella
- Rotavirus
- Yellow fever
- Sabin polio (oral)

33
Q

What is primary biliary cirrhosis?

A

Anti-mitochondrial Ab
Pruritus
Females

34
Q

What is primary sclerosing cholangitis?

A

p-ANCA Ab
Bile duct inflammation
Onion skinning
IBD

35
Q

What is Type I Autoimmune Hepatitis?

A

Anti-SM Ab
Young women

36
Q

What is Type II Autoimmune Hepatitis?

A

Anti-LKM Ab
Kids

37
Q

What is Bullous pemphigoid?

A

Anti-hemidesmosome Ab
Skin bullae

38
Q

What is Celiac sprue?

A

Anti-gliadin Ab
Eating wheat/gluten => steatorrhea

39
Q

What is the antibody associated with CREST syndrome?

A

Anti-centromere Ab

40
Q

What are the antibodies associated with dermatitis herpetiformis?

A

Anti-BMZ Ab
Anti-endomysial Ab
Vesicles on anterior thigh and extensor surfaces of forearms

41
Q

What is associated with dermatomyositis?

A

Anti-Jo-1 Ab
Myositis + rash

42
Q

What is associated with DM type 1?

A

Anti-islet cell Ab
Anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase Ab
Polyuria
Polydipsia
Weight loss

43
Q

What is associated with drug-induced SLE?

A

Anti-histone Ab
Caused by HIPPPE
- hydralazine
- INH
- phenytoin
- Procainamide
- Penicillamine
- Ethosuximide

44
Q

What is associated with Gastritis type A?

A

Anti-parietal cell Ab
Atrophic gastritis
Adenocarcinoma

45
Q

What is associated with Goodpasture’s?

A

Anti-GBM Ab
Attacks lung and kidney
RPGN
Crescents in kidney

46
Q

What is associated with Grave’s disease?

A

Anti-TSHr Ab
-> non-cytotoxic b/c Ab causes thyroid hormone to be produced instead of destroying the gland
T2 HSR
Hyperthyroid
Bug eyes
Pretibial myxedema

47
Q

What is associated with Guillain-Barré?

A

Anti-ganglioside Ab
Ascending paralysis
2 wk after URI

48
Q

What is associated with Hashimoto’s?

A

Anti-microsomal Ab (= anti-TPO)
Hypothyroid
T2 HSR

49
Q

What is associated with ITP?

A

Anti-platelet Ab
Anti-glycoprotein 2b/3a Ab
Thrombocytopenia

50
Q

What is associated with Mixed CT disease?

A

Anti-RNP Ab
Dx of exclusion

51
Q

What is associated with Mononucleosis?

A

heterophile Ab
Teenager w/ sore throat

52
Q

What is associated with MPGN Type II?

A

Anti-C3 convertase Ab = C3 nephritic factor

53
Q

What is associated with multiple sclerosis?

A

Anti-myelin Ab
Middle-aged female w/ vision problems

54
Q

What is associated with Myasthenia gravis?

A

Anti-ACh receptor Ab
Female w/ ptosis
Weaker as day goes by

55
Q

What is associated with Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (=hemolysis)?

A

Donath-Landsteiner Ab
Red blood cell hemolysis in cold temperatures

56
Q

What is associated with pemphigus vulgaris?

A

Anti-desmosome Ab
Skin sloughs off when touched
Oral ulcers

57
Q

What is associated with pernicious anemia?

A

Anti-IF Ab
Vit B12 deficiency
=> megaloblastic anemia

58
Q

What is associated with polyarteritis Nodosa?

A

p-ANCA Ab (= anti-MPO)
Attacks gut and kidney

59
Q

What is associated with post-strep glomerulonephritis?

A

ASO Ab
Nephritic w/ complement deposition

60
Q

What is associated with Rheumatoid arthritis?

A

Rheumatoid factor (= IgM antibodies to the Fc region of IgG)
Pain worse in the morning

61
Q

What is associated with scleroderma?

A

Anti-Scl 70 = anti-topoisomerase
Fibrosis
Tight skin

62
Q

What is associated with Sjögren’s?

A

Anti-SSA Ab
Dry “sand” in eyes
Dry mouth
Arthritis

63
Q

What is associated with SLE?

A

Anti-dsDNA
Anti-smooth muscle
Anti-cardiolipin
Rash
Photosensitivity
Oral ulcers

64
Q

What is associated with SLE cerebritis?

A

Anti-neuronal Ab
Anti-ribosomal Ab

65
Q

What is associated with vitiligo?

A

Anti-melanocyte Ab
White patches

66
Q

What is associated with warm hemolysis?

A

Anti-Rh Ab
Bleeds at body temp

67
Q

What is associated with Wegener’s?

A

c-ANCA Ab (= anti-PR3)
Attacks ENT, lungs, kidney

68
Q

What is HSP?

A

IgA disease
2 weeks after gastroenteritis

69
Q

What is Berger’s?

A

IgA disease
2 weeks after URI

70
Q

What is Alport’s?

A

IgA disease
Associated with deafness and cataracts

71
Q

What disease is associated with HLA-A3?

A

Hemochromatosis

72
Q

What diseases are associated with HLA-B27?

A

PAIR
- Psoriatic arthritis
- Ankylosing spondylitis
- Inflammatory bowel disease
- Reactive arthritis (= Reiter’s syndrome)

All are associated with sacroiliitis

73
Q

What disease is associated with HLA-DQ2/DQ8?

A

Celiac disease

74
Q

What diseases are associated with HLA-DR2?

A

Multiple sclerosis
Hay fever
SLE
Goodpasture Syndrome

75
Q

What diseases are associated with HLA-DR3?

A

DM 1
SLE
Graves’ disease

76
Q

What diseases are associated with HLA-DR4?

A

Rheumatoid arthritis
DM 1

77
Q

What diseases are associated with HLA-DR5?

A

Pernicious anemia
Hashimoto’s

PP Clues (27 decks)

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