Dermatology Flashcards
What are the 1st degree burns?
Red (epidermis)
What are the 2nd degree burns?
Blisters (hypodermis)
What are 3rd degree burns?
Painless neuropathy (dermis)
What diseases have palm and sole rashes?
TRiCKSSSSS
- toxic shock syndrome
- Rocky Mountain spotted fever
i
- coxsackie A: Hand-foot-mouth disease
- Kawasaki’s
- strep pyogenes
- scarlet fever
- staph scalded skin syndrome
- syphilis
- streptobacillus moniliformis
What is erythema multiforme?
Target lesions
- viral
- drugs
What is Stevens-Johnson syndrome?
Erythema multiforme major
(Mouth, eye, vagina)
What is Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis?
Steven-Johnson syndrome w/ skin sloughing
What is Pemphigus vulgaris?
Ab against desmosomes =>
- circular Immunofluorescence
- in epidermis
- oral lesions
- pos Nikolsky sign
What is Bullous Pemphigoid?
Ab against hemidesmosomes =>
- linear Immunofluorescence
- subepidermal
- “floating” keratinocytes
- eosinophils
What is eczema?
Dry flaky dermatitis in flexor creases
“Itch that rashes”
What is Nummular dermatitis?
Circular eczema
What is Spongiotic eczema?
Weeping eczema: scratching causes oozing “like a sponge”
What is Lichenification?
Scratching => thick leathery skin
What is Pityriasis Rosea?
Herald patch that follows skin lines
“Christmas tree pattern”
Tx: sunlight
What is Lichen Planus?
Polygonal pruritic purple papules
What is Scabies?
Linear excoriation “burrows” in webs of fingers, toes, belt line
(d/t Sarcoptes scabiei)
What does UV-A cause?
Aging
What does UV-B cause?
Burns and cancer
What are the ABCD’s that indicate worse prognosis of skin cancer?
- Asymmetric
- irregular Borders
- Color differences
- > 4 mm Diameter
What does the Clark level tell you?
Invasion of melanoma
What does Breslow’s classification tell you?
Depth of melanoma
Where are Malignant Melanomas usually found?
Males: back
Females: leg
What is the precursor of a malignant melanoma?
Hutchison’s freckle
What are the types of Malignant Melanoma?
Superficial spreading
Nodular
Lentigo malignant melanoma
Acral lentigous
Specifics for:
Superficial spreading malignant melanoma
Most common
Flat
Brown
Specifics for:
Nodular malignant melanoma
Worst prognosis
Black
Dome-shaped
Specifics for:
Lentigo malignant melanoma
Elderly patients
Fair-skinned
Specifics for:
Acral lentigous malignant melanoma
AIDS patients
Dark-skinned
Where are Squamous cell carcinomas found?
Flat, flaky stuff on lower face
Keratin pearls
What is the precursor of squamous cell carcinoma?
Actinic keratosis
(Red, scaly plaque)
What are the types of Squamous cell carcinoma?
Bowen’s disease
Verrucous carcinoma
Location for:
Bowen’s disease (SqCC)
SqCC in situ on uncircumcised penis dorsum
Location for:
Verrucous carcinoma (SqCC)
Wart on foot
Where are Basal Cell Carcinomas usually found?
Pearly papules on upper face
Palisading nuclei
Good prognosis
What are the types of Basal cell Carcinomas?
Nodular
Superficial
Pigmented
Sclerosing
Characteristic of Nodular Basal Cell Carcinoma
Waxy nodule w/ central necrosis
Characteristic of Superficial Basal Cell Carcinoma
Red, scaly plaques, like eczema
Characteristic of Pigmented Basal Cell Carcinoma
Looks like melanoma
Characteristic of Sclerosing Basal Cell Carcinoma
Yellow, waxy plaques
What is Acne Rosacea?
Blush all the time
Worse w/ stress/alcohol
What does a Brown Recluse Spider Bite look like?
Painful, black necrotic lesion
What is cellulitis?
Warm, red skin
What does cutaneous anthrax look like?
Painless, black necrotic lesion
What is a decubitus ulcer?
Bedsore
What is a DVT?
Blood clot in veins
Associated w/ hypercoagulable state
What is Erysipelas?
Shiny red, raised
Does not blanch
Usually on face
Associated w/ strep pyogenes
What is Icthyosis?
Gradual lizard skin
What is milaria?
“Heat rash”
- burning
- itching papules on trunk
- transient
What is molluscum contagiosum?
Fleshy papules w/ central dimple
D/t pox virus (can be STI)
What is Psoriasis?
Silver scales on extensors
Nail pitting
Differentiated too fast
Worse w/ stress
Auspitz sign
Koebner’s phenomenon
What happens w/ Auspitz sign in Psoriasis?
Remove scale => pinpoint bleeding
What happens w/ Koebner’s phenomenon in Psoriasis?
Lesions at sites of skin trauma
What is a pyogenic granuloma?
Vascular nodule at sites of previous injury
What is seborrheic dermatitis?
Dandruff in eyebrows, nose, behind ears
What is seborrheic keratosis?
Rubbery warts w/ aging
Greasy
What is thrombophlebitis?
Vein inflammation w/ thrombus
What is Vitiligo?
White patches
Anti-melanocyte Ab
What is xeroderma pigmentosa?
Bad DNA repair = DNA nucleotide excision repair deficient
Autosomal recessive
What is erythema chronicum?
Solitary lesion that spreads
(d/t Lyme disease)
What is erythema infectiosum?
Fifth disease
“Slapped cheeks” appearance
D/t parvovirus B19
What is erythema marginatum?
Red margins
d/t Rheumatic fever
What is erythema multiforme?
Target lesions
d/t HSV, phenytoin, barbs, sulfas
What is erythema multiforme major?
Stevens-Johnson syndrome
(>1 mucosal surface)
What is erythema nodosum?
Painful red nodules on legs
d/t fat inflammation, sarcoidosis
What is erythema toxicum?
Benign rash
Looks like flea bites w/ eosinophilia
Seen in newborns
