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Gynecology Flashcards

1
Q

What does the seminal vesicle give to sperm?

A

Food (fructose) and clothes (semen)

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2
Q

What do the bulbourethral (= Cowper’s) glands secrete?

A

Bicarbonate
(Neutralizes lactobacilli)

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3
Q

What does the prostate secrete?

A

“the prostate HAZ is”
- hyaluronidase
- acid
- phosphatase

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4
Q

What is the Capacitation reaction?

A

Zn used to peel semen off

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5
Q

What is the acrosomal reaction?

A

Sperm release enzymes to eat corona radiata

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6
Q

What is the crystallization reaction?

A

Wall formed after 1 sperm enters (to prevent polyspermy) the egg

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7
Q

Where does Testosterone come from?

A

Adrenal gland and testicles

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8
Q

Where does DHT come from?

A

Testicles (at puberty)

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9
Q

What is a pseudohermaphrodite?

A

External genitalia problem, does not match genotype

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10
Q

What is a true hermaphrodite?

A

Internal genitalia problem => has both sexes’ genitalia

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11
Q

What is a female hermaphrodite?

A

Impossible b/c default is female

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12
Q

What is a female pseudohermaphrodite?

A

XX w/ low 21-OHase => high testosterone

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13
Q

What is a male hermaphrodite?

A

XY w/ no MIF

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14
Q

What is a male pseudohermaphrodite?

A

XY that has low 17-OHase => low testosterone

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15
Q

What is hirsutism?

A

Hairy

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16
Q

What is virulization?

A

Man-like see in female child

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17
Q

What is testicular feminization = androgen insensitivity syndrome?

A

Bad DHT receptor
-> XY w/ blind pouch, vagina

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18
Q

What is McCune-Albright?

A

Precocious sexual development
Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia = “Whorls of CT”
Pigmented skin macules = “Coast of Maine”

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19
Q

What is Cryptorchidism?

A

Testes never descended => sterility after 15 months
Incr risk of seminomas

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20
Q

Which stage of the menstrual cycle has the highest estrogen levels?

A

Follicular stage
(Has proliferative endothelium)

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21
Q

What stage of the menstrual cycle has the highest temperature?

A

Ovulatory stage

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22
Q

What stage of the menstrual cycle has the highest progesterone levels?

A

Luteal stage (has secretory endothelium)

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23
Q

What form of estrogen is highest at menopause?

A

E1 = estrone
(Made by fat)

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24
Q

What form of estrogen is highest in middle-age females?

A

E2 = estradiol
(Made by ovaries)

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25
What form of estrogen is highest at pregnancy?
E3 = estriol (Made by placenta)
26
What states have increased estrogen?
Pregnancy Liver failure p450 inhibition Obesity
27
What is Adenomyosis?
Growth of endometrium -> myometrium Enlarged “boggy” uterus w/ cystic areas
28
What does DES taken by Mom cause in her daughter?
Adenomyosis -> menorrhagia Clear cell carcinoma of vagina Recurrent abortions from cervical incompetence
29
What is Kallman’s syndrome?
No GnRH Anosmia (cannot smell)
30
What is Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome?
Incr cysts: no ovulation -> no progesterone Incr risk of endometrial carcinoma -> cannot inhibit LH Signs: obese, hairy, acne
31
What is Savage’s syndrome?
Ovarian resistance to FSH/LH
32
What is Turner’s syndrome (XO)?
High FSH Low E2 Ovarian dysgenesis
33
What does the progesterone challenge test tell you?
Bleeds => she has estrogen No bleeding => no E2 or ovaries Incr FSH -> ovary problem Decr FSH -> pituitary problem
34
What is Sheehan’s syndrome?
Post-partum hemorrhage -> pituitary and/or hyperplasia infarcts -> no lactation
35
What is Asherman’s syndrome?
Previous D&C -> uterine scars
36
What is Oligomenorrhea?
Too few periods
37
What is polymenorrhea?
Too many periods
38
What is the most common cause of post-coital vaginal bleeding?
Cervical cancer
39
What is the most common cause of post-coital vaginal bleeding in pregnant women?
Endometrial cancer
40
What is chronic pelvic pain?
Endometriosis until proven otherwise
41
What is dysfunctional uterine bleeding?
Diagnosis of exclusion Usually d/t anovulation
42
What is dysmenorrhea?
PGF causes painful menstrual cramps (Teenagers miss school/work)
43
What is endometriosis?
Painful cyclical heavy menstrual bleeding => powder burns, chocolate cysts Due to ectopic endometrial tissue
44
What is Kleine regnung?
Scant bleeding at ovulation
45
What is Menorrhagia?
Heavy menstrual bleeding
46
What is fibroids (= leiomyoma)?
Benign uterus smooth muscle tumor - submucosal type => bleeding - subserosal type => pain
47
What is Metrorrhagia?
Bleeding or spotting in b/w periods
48
What is Mittelschmerz?
Pain at ovulation
49
What causes syphilis?
Treponema pallidum (spirochete)
50
What is herpes?
dsDNA virus = HSV 1 or HSV 2
51
What is HPV?
dsDNA = papillomavirus
52
What is Chlamydia?
Obligate intracellular parasite
53
What causes Gonorrhea?
Gram neg diplococcus
54
What causes Chancroid?
H. ducreyi
55
What causes lymphogranuloma venereum?
Chlamydia trachomatis
56
What causes granuloma inguinale?
C. granulomatosis
57
What causes epididymitis?
Chlamydia or GC
58
What is condyloma lata?
Flat, fleshy warts -> ulcerate Secondary syphilis
59
What is condyloma accuminata?
Verrucuous “cauliflower” warts Koilocytes HPV 6, 11
60
How does herpes present?
Primary: painful grouped vesicles on red base Secondary: painful solitary lesion
61
How does syphilis present?
Primary: painless chancre (1-6 weeks) Secondary: rash, condyloma lata (6 weeks) Tertiary: neuro, cardio, bone (6 years)
62
How does Chancroid present?
Painful w/ necrotic center Gram neg rod “School of fish” pattern
63
How does lymphogranuloma venereum present?
Painless ulcers -> abscessed nodes -> genital elephantiasis
64
How’s does granuloma inguinale present?
Spreading ulcer Donovan bodies Granulation test
65
How does Chlamydia present?
Cervicitis (yellow pus) Conjunctivitis PID
66
How does Gonorrhea present?
Palmar pustules Arthritis Urethral discomfort with very purulent urethritis
67
What is epididymitis?
Unilateral scrotal pain Pain decreased by lifting testes
68
What causes Congenital blindness?
CMV
69
What causes neonatal blindness?
Chlamydia
70
What is Lichen simplex chronicus?
Raised white lesions Chronic scratching in vulva
71
What is Lichen sclerosis?
Paper-like vulva Itching Incr cancer risk
72
What is hidradenoma?
Sweat gland cysts
73
What causes non-bacterial fetal infections?
“TORCHS” - toxoplasma - others - Rubella - CMV - HSV-2 - Syphilis
74
Non-bacterial infection: Toxoplasma
Multiple ring-enhancing lesions Cat urine Parietal lobe
75
Non-bacterial fetal infection: Rubella
Cataracts Hearing loss PDA Meningoencephalitis Pneumonia “blueberry muffin” rash
76
Non-bacterial fetal infection: CMV
Spastic diplegia of legs Hepatosplenomegaly Blindness Central calcifications
77
Non-bacterial fetal infections: HSV-2
Temporal lobe hemorrhagic encephalitis Need C/S prophylaxis
78
Non-bacterial fetal infections: Syphilis
Rhagade’s (lip fissure) Saber shin legs Hutchison’s razor teeth Mulberry molars Saddle nose
79
What is Paget’s disease of the breast?
Rash and ulcer around nipple Breast cancer
80
What is Lobular carcinoma?
Cells line up single file Contralateral primary
81
What is a Comedocarcinoma?
Multiple focal areas of necrosis “Blackheads”
82
What is inflammatory carcinoma?
Infiltrates lymphatics Pulls on Cooper’s ligaments “Peau d’orange”
83
What is cystosarcoma phylloides?
“Exploding mushroom” - Firm - Rubbery - Moveable Good prognosis
84
What is Intraductal papilloma?
Nipple bleeding
85
What is ductal carcinoma?
Worst prognosis for breast cancer
86
What is sarcoma botyroides?
Vagina cancer Ball of grapes appearance
87
What is a Sister Mary Joseph nodule?
Ovarian CA spread to umbilicus
88
What is Meig’s syndrome?
Pleural effusion Ovarian fibroma Ascites
89
What are the side effects of estrogen?
Weight gain Breast tenderness Nausea
90
What are the side effects of progesterone?
Acne Depression HTN

PP Clues (31 decks)

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