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Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

How do you know an organism is an anaerobe?

A

Gas
Bad odor

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2
Q

What makes an adequate sputum sample?

A

<10 epithelial cells
and
>25 leukocytes per low power field

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3
Q

What bug causes acute bacterial endocarditis?

A

Staph aureus
(Attacks healthy valves)

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4
Q

What bug causes subacute bacterial endocarditis?

A

Strep viridans
(Attacks damaged valves)

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5
Q

How do you diagnose Rheumatic Fever?

A

Need at least 2 “SPECC”
- Subcutaneous nodules
- Polyarthritis
- Erythema marginatum (red margins)
- Chorea (sydenham’s)
- Carditis (MS > AS > TS) “MAT”

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6
Q

What are the only Gram neg diplococci?

A

Neisseria
- meningitidis
- gonorrhea
- catarrhalis (moraxella)

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7
Q

What is the only Gram pos diplococci?

A

Strep pneumo

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8
Q

What bugs cause heart block infections?

A

LSD Likes Chagas
- Legionella
- Salmonella (=> typhoid fever)
- Diphtheria
- Lyme disease
- Chagas’ disease (=> Whipple’s)

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9
Q

What are the IgA protease bugs?

A

Strep pneumo
H influenzae
Neisseria
Staph aureus

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10
Q

What do the IgA protease bugs cause?

A

Sinusitis
Otitis media
Pneumonia
Bronchitis

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11
Q

What are the simple gram neg bugs?

A

simple HE
- H influenzae
- E. coli

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12
Q

What are the typical (no cell wall) bacteria?

A

“CLUMsy”
- Chlamydia
- Legionella
- Ureaplasma
- Mycoplasma

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13
Q

What is the only gram pos endotoxin?

A

Listeria

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14
Q

What are the gram neg endotoxins?

A

H influenzae
Bordetella pertussis

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15
Q

What are the spore forming gram pos bacteria?

A

Bacillus anthracis
Clostridium botulinum

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16
Q

What bugs cause walking pneumonia?

A

“Come My Love for a walk”
0-2 months: Chlamydia pneumonia
10-30 yr: Mycoplasma pneumonia
>40 yr: Legionella pneumonia
AIDS/preemies: Pneumo carinii (jirovecii)

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17
Q

What causes Cryoglobulinemia?

A

I AM HE
- influenza

  • adenovirus
  • mycoplasma
  • Hep B, C
  • EBV
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18
Q

What are the Silver Stainers?

A

HaL V-C = Comma
- H pylori
- Listeria
- Vibrio
- Campylobacter

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19
Q

What bacteria cause diarrhea <8 hrs after introduction?

A

CBS
- Clostridium
- Bacillus cereus
- Staph aureus

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20
Q

What are the Gram neg capsules?

A

Some Killers Have Pretty Nice Capsules
- Salmonella
- Klebsiella
- H influenzae B
- Pseudomonas
- Neisseria
- Citrobacter

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21
Q

What is the Gram pos with capsule?

A

Strep pneumo

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22
Q

What are the urease pos bugs?

A

Urease PPUNCH
- Proteus
- Pseudomonas
- Ureoplasma
- Nocardia
- Cryptococcus
- H pylori

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23
Q

What bugs cause monocytosis?

A

STELS
- Syphilis
- TB
- EBV/CMV
- Listeria
- Salmonella

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24
Q

What are the Big Mama anaerobes?

A

Bacteroides fragilis
Strep bovis
Chryseobacterium meningosepticum

(Chryseobacterium are gram-negative nonfermenters that are oxidase positive and usually produce indole from tryptophan)

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25
What bugs disrupt G proteins?
Pertussis: inhibits Gi Cholera: stimulates Gs E. coli: stimulates Gs
26
What bacteria cause UTIs and prostatitis?
E. coli Proteus Klebsiella Pseudomonas
27
What bug is associated with cat scratch?
Bartonella henselae
28
What bug is associated with cat saliva?
Pasteurella multocida
29
What bug is associated with cat pee?
Toxoplasmosis
30
What bug is associated w/ cat caca?
Toxocara cati
31
What diseases are caused by the ixodes tick?
Lyme disease (bull’s eye lesion) Babesiosis (hemolytic anemia) Ehrlichiosis (puncture near eye)
32
What bugs cause hospital abscesses?
Day 1-3: Staph aureus (lots of O2) Day 4-7: Strep viridans (no enzymes) Day >7: Anaerobes (PMNs)
33
What kind of patients does Staph and Pseudomonas like to attack?
DM Cystic fibrosis patients Burn patients Neutropenic patients
34
What diseases have granulomas?
TB Sarcoidosis Syphilis Histiocytosis X the “-ellas”
35
What diseases provide malaria protection?
Sickle cell: AAs G6PD: Mediterraneans
36
What bug causes multiple liver abscesses?
Entamoeba histolytica
37
What bug causes multiple cerebral abscesses?
Citrobacter
38
What has multiple lung aneurysm?
Osler-Weber-Rendu
39
What bugs cause Loeffler syndrome?
NASSA - Necator americanus - Ancylostoma duodenale - Schistosomiasis - Strongyloides - Ascaris lumbricoides
40
What is the symptom of Loeffler syndrome?
Pulmonary eosinophilia
41
What is PIE syndrome?
Pulmonary Infiltrate w/ Eosinophilia
42
What diseases have PIE syndrome?
Aspergillus Loeffler’s Churg-Strauss
43
What disease does Coxsackie A cause?
Hand-Foot-Mouth disease
44
What diseases does Coxsackie B cause?
Endocarditis DM Type I
45
What bugs cause meningitis?
0-2 mo: “baby BEL” - group B strep - E. coli - Listeria >2 mo: strep pneumo 10-21 yo: N. meningitidis
46
What are the CSF lab values for meningitis?
PMNs -> bacteria T cell/macrophages -> non-bacterial Normal glucose -> viral
47
What does Hep B core Ag (HBcAg) tell you?
Gone before patient has symptoms (2 months)
48
What does the Hep B core Ab (anti-HBc) tell you?
Past infection
49
What does the Hep B surface Ag (HBsAg) tell you?
Current infection
50
What does the Hep B surface Ab (anti-HBs) tell you?
Vaccination has occurred
51
What does the Hep B envelope (HBe) Ag tell you?
Transmissibility/infectivity
52
What does the Hep B envelope Ab (anti-HBe) tell you?
Low transmissibility
53
What antibody shows current Hep A infection?
IgM
54
What antibody shows past Hep A infection?
IgG
55
What type of people does Hep E like to infect?
Pregnant women Asians
56
What is associated with Staph aureus?
Cellulitis Dairy products Gold pigment Endocarditis Styes Hordeolum (on eyelid)
57
What is associated with strep pyogenes?
LINES ASO Hyalurinic acid capsule
58
What is associated with staph epidermidis?
Central lines VP shunts White pigment
59
What is associated with propionibacterium acne?
Acne Progesterone => propionic acid
60
What is associated with pasteurella multocida?
Cat/dog saliva => cellulitis w/ lymphadenitis
61
What is associated with staph saprophyticus?
Female UTIs - post-coital Honeymoon cystitis
62
What is associated with Haemophilus aegyptus?
Swollen eyeball w/ pus
63
What is associated with Francisella tularensis?
Ulcers at rabbit or deer tick bite site (Tx: streptomycin)
64
What is associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
Otitis externa Ichthyma granulosum Loves rubber Whirlpool folliculitis ADP ribosylates EF-2
65
What is associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae?
Otitis media Red bulging tympanic membrane
66
What is associated with Fusobacterium?
Painful mouth ulcers Gum pus Vincent’s angina
67
What is associated with strep mutans?
Dental cavities
68
What is associated with strep viridans?
Subacute bacterial endocarditis Green pigment
69
What is associated with Strep salivarius?
Cold agglutinin test
70
What is associated with Strep pyogenes?
Rheumatic fever Strain 12 => PSGN
71
What is associated with Group C strep?
Pharyngitis
72
What is associated with Corynebacterium diphtheriae?
Chinese letters Gray pseudomembrane Suffocations ADP ribosylates EF2 Heart block Elek test
73
What is associated with Strep pneumoniae?
Gram pos diplococci Rusty sputum IgA protease Vaccine covers 23 strains
74
What is associated with H influenzae?
Gram neg pleomorphic rod Factor V Factor X 5C-ribose capsule B-type: - meningitis - epiglottitis - sepsis
75
What is associated with N catarrhalis?
Loves mucus -> attacks respiratory tract
76
What is associated with Chlamydia psittaci?
Parakeets Parrots
77
What is associated with Chlamydia pneumoniae?
Staccato coughing Elementary and reticulate bodies
78
What is associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae?
Bullous myringitis Ground-class CXR P1 protein Erythema multiforme
79
What is associated with Legionella pneumoniae?
AC ducts Silver stains lung CYEA Pontiac fever Legionnaire’s pneumonia
80
What is associated with Pneumocystis carinii (jirovecii) pneumonia?
AIDS/preemies Rusty sputum Silver stains lung Elev LDH (Tx: steroids)
81
What is associated with Clostridium botulinum?
Canned food Honey Inhibits ACh release Respiratory failure Stool toxin (Tx: penicillin)
82
What is associated with Clostridium tetani?
Rusty nail wounds Inhibits Gly release Respiratory failure Risus sardonicus Tennis racquet shape
83
What is associated with Bordetella pertussis?
Whooping cough ADP ribosylates Gi
84
What is associated with Bacillus anthracis?
Black eschar Woolsorter’s lung disease D-Glu Boxcar-like spore (Tx: ciprofloxacin)
85
What is associated with H pylori?
Duodenal ulcers
86
What is associated with Salmonella?
Raw chicken and eggs Turtles Rose-typhoid spots H2S Sickle cell osteomyelitis
87
What is associated with Campylobacter jejuni?
Raw chicken and eggs Very bloody diarrhea Inactivated by gastric juice Guillain-Barre Seagull shape
88
What is associated with Clostridium perfringens?
Holiday ham and turkey DM gas gangrene Soil/feces
89
What is associated with Bacillus cereus?
Fried rice Preformed toxin
90
What is associated with Listeria monocytogenes?
Raw cabbage Hot dogs Spoiled milk Migrant workers => heart block Meningitis Abortions
91
What is associated with Vibrio parahemolyticus?
Raw fish
92
What is associated with Actinomyces?
Face fistulas Sulfur granules
93
What is associated with Vibrio vulnificus?
Raw oysters Cellulitis in swimmer’s cuts
94
What is associated with Shigella?
Day care outbreaks => seizures Destroys 60S ribosome Infects M cells
95
What is associated with Vibrio cholera?
Rice water diarrhea ADP ribosylates Gs
96
What is associated with Clostridium difficile?
Explosive diarrhea => pseudomembranous colitis
97
What is associated with Yersinia enterolitica?
Presents like appendicitis + Reiter’s Bloody diarrhea
98
What is associated with Strep bovis?
Colon cancer
99
What is associated with Clostridium melanagosepticus?
Colon cancer Black pigment
100
What is associated with ETEC?
Traveler’s diarrhea => rice-water diarrhea
101
What is associated with EHEC?
Hemorrhagic => renal failure (Non-inflammatory => no leukocytes in stool)
102
What is associated with EIEC?
Inflammatory => loose stool
103
What is associated with EPEC?
Pathogenic => newborn diarrhea
104
What is associated with E. coli?
Raw hamburger ADP ribosylates Gs Verotoxin HUS
105
What is associated with Proteus mirabilis?
Staghorn calculus UTI (Tx: Norfloxacin)
106
What is associated with Klebsiella pneumonia?
Alcoholics Currant jelly sputum UTI Lung fissures Homeless people
107
What is associated with Staph saprophyticus?
Young and college girls’ UTIs
108
What is associated with Enterococcus?
UTI Infective endocarditis post-GI/GU procedure Nitrate-negative UTI
109
What is associated with N meningitides?
DIC Pili Releases toxin in log phase
110
What is associated with Brucella?
Farmers/vets Spiking fever 5x/day Animal placentas
111
What is associated with R rickettsii?
Ticks => Rocky Mountain spotted fever
112
What is associated with Rickettsia akari?
Mites => fleshy papules
113
What is associated with Rickettsia typhi?
Fleas Rash starts in axilla
114
What is associated with Rickettsia prowazekii?
Lice Rash starts on body
115
What is associated with Rickettsia tsutsugamushi?
Mites => scrub typhus (Rash similar to R. typhi)
116
What is associated with Coxiella burnetti?
Dusty barn => Q fever (This is another form of Rickettsia)
117
What is associated with Yersinia pestis?
Rats, fleas => Bubonic plague
118
What is associated with Bartonella henselae?
Cat scratch => single painful lymph node Seen using silver stains
119
What is associated with Bacteroides fragilis?
Post-op bowel abscess Grows in blood clots
120
What is associated with Chlamydia trachomatis?
Neonatal inturned eyelashes/cornea ulcers
121
What is associated with Neisseria gonorrhea?
Pili Urethritis Tenovitis Septic arthritis

PP Clues (31 decks)

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