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Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

How do you know an organism is an anaerobe?

A

Gas
Bad odor

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2
Q

What makes an adequate sputum sample?

A

<10 epithelial cells
and
>25 leukocytes per low power field

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3
Q

What bug causes acute bacterial endocarditis?

A

Staph aureus
(Attacks healthy valves)

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4
Q

What bug causes subacute bacterial endocarditis?

A

Strep viridans
(Attacks damaged valves)

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5
Q

How do you diagnose Rheumatic Fever?

A

Need at least 2 “SPECC”
- Subcutaneous nodules
- Polyarthritis
- Erythema marginatum (red margins)
- Chorea (sydenham’s)
- Carditis (MS > AS > TS) “MAT”

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6
Q

What are the only Gram neg diplococci?

A

Neisseria
- meningitidis
- gonorrhea
- catarrhalis (moraxella)

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7
Q

What is the only Gram pos diplococci?

A

Strep pneumo

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8
Q

What bugs cause heart block infections?

A

LSD Likes Chagas
- Legionella
- Salmonella (=> typhoid fever)
- Diphtheria
- Lyme disease
- Chagas’ disease (=> Whipple’s)

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9
Q

What are the IgA protease bugs?

A

Strep pneumo
H influenzae
Neisseria
Staph aureus

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10
Q

What do the IgA protease bugs cause?

A

Sinusitis
Otitis media
Pneumonia
Bronchitis

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11
Q

What are the simple gram neg bugs?

A

simple HE
- H influenzae
- E. coli

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12
Q

What are the typical (no cell wall) bacteria?

A

“CLUMsy”
- Chlamydia
- Legionella
- Ureaplasma
- Mycoplasma

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13
Q

What is the only gram pos endotoxin?

A

Listeria

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14
Q

What are the gram neg endotoxins?

A

H influenzae
Bordetella pertussis

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15
Q

What are the spore forming gram pos bacteria?

A

Bacillus anthracis
Clostridium botulinum

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16
Q

What bugs cause walking pneumonia?

A

“Come My Love for a walk”
0-2 months: Chlamydia pneumonia
10-30 yr: Mycoplasma pneumonia
>40 yr: Legionella pneumonia
AIDS/preemies: Pneumo carinii (jirovecii)

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17
Q

What causes Cryoglobulinemia?

A

I AM HE
- influenza

  • adenovirus
  • mycoplasma
  • Hep B, C
  • EBV
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18
Q

What are the Silver Stainers?

A

HaL V-C = Comma
- H pylori
- Listeria
- Vibrio
- Campylobacter

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19
Q

What bacteria cause diarrhea <8 hrs after introduction?

A

CBS
- Clostridium
- Bacillus cereus
- Staph aureus

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20
Q

What are the Gram neg capsules?

A

Some Killers Have Pretty Nice Capsules
- Salmonella
- Klebsiella
- H influenzae B
- Pseudomonas
- Neisseria
- Citrobacter

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21
Q

What is the Gram pos with capsule?

A

Strep pneumo

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22
Q

What are the urease pos bugs?

A

Urease PPUNCH
- Proteus
- Pseudomonas
- Ureoplasma
- Nocardia
- Cryptococcus
- H pylori

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23
Q

What bugs cause monocytosis?

A

STELS
- Syphilis
- TB
- EBV/CMV
- Listeria
- Salmonella

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24
Q

What are the Big Mama anaerobes?

A

Bacteroides fragilis
Strep bovis
Chryseobacterium meningosepticum

(Chryseobacterium are gram-negative nonfermenters that are oxidase positive and usually produce indole from tryptophan)

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25
Q

What bugs disrupt G proteins?

A

Pertussis: inhibits Gi
Cholera: stimulates Gs
E. coli: stimulates Gs

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26
Q

What bacteria cause UTIs and prostatitis?

A

E. coli
Proteus
Klebsiella
Pseudomonas

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27
Q

What bug is associated with cat scratch?

A

Bartonella henselae

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28
Q

What bug is associated with cat saliva?

A

Pasteurella multocida

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29
Q

What bug is associated with cat pee?

A

Toxoplasmosis

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30
Q

What bug is associated w/ cat caca?

A

Toxocara cati

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31
Q

What diseases are caused by the ixodes tick?

A

Lyme disease (bull’s eye lesion)
Babesiosis (hemolytic anemia)
Ehrlichiosis (puncture near eye)

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32
Q

What bugs cause hospital abscesses?

A

Day 1-3: Staph aureus (lots of O2)
Day 4-7: Strep viridans (no enzymes)
Day >7: Anaerobes (PMNs)

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33
Q

What kind of patients does Staph and Pseudomonas like to attack?

A

DM
Cystic fibrosis patients
Burn patients
Neutropenic patients

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34
Q

What diseases have granulomas?

A

TB
Sarcoidosis
Syphilis
Histiocytosis X
the “-ellas”

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35
Q

What diseases provide malaria protection?

A

Sickle cell: AAs
G6PD: Mediterraneans

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36
Q

What bug causes multiple liver abscesses?

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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37
Q

What bug causes multiple cerebral abscesses?

A

Citrobacter

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38
Q

What has multiple lung aneurysm?

A

Osler-Weber-Rendu

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39
Q

What bugs cause Loeffler syndrome?

A

NASSA
- Necator americanus
- Ancylostoma duodenale
- Schistosomiasis
- Strongyloides
- Ascaris lumbricoides

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40
Q

What is the symptom of Loeffler syndrome?

A

Pulmonary eosinophilia

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41
Q

What is PIE syndrome?

A

Pulmonary Infiltrate w/ Eosinophilia

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42
Q

What diseases have PIE syndrome?

A

Aspergillus
Loeffler’s
Churg-Strauss

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43
Q

What disease does Coxsackie A cause?

A

Hand-Foot-Mouth disease

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44
Q

What diseases does Coxsackie B cause?

A

Endocarditis
DM Type I

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45
Q

What bugs cause meningitis?

A

0-2 mo: “baby BEL”
- group B strep
- E. coli
- Listeria

> 2 mo: strep pneumo

10-21 yo: N. meningitidis

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46
Q

What are the CSF lab values for meningitis?

A

PMNs -> bacteria
T cell/macrophages -> non-bacterial
Normal glucose -> viral

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47
Q

What does Hep B core Ag (HBcAg) tell you?

A

Gone before patient has symptoms
(2 months)

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48
Q

What does the Hep B core Ab (anti-HBc) tell you?

A

Past infection

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49
Q

What does the Hep B surface Ag (HBsAg) tell you?

A

Current infection

50
Q

What does the Hep B surface Ab (anti-HBs) tell you?

A

Vaccination has occurred

51
Q

What does the Hep B envelope (HBe) Ag tell you?

A

Transmissibility/infectivity

52
Q

What does the Hep B envelope Ab (anti-HBe) tell you?

A

Low transmissibility

53
Q

What antibody shows current Hep A infection?

54
Q

What antibody shows past Hep A infection?

55
Q

What type of people does Hep E like to infect?

A

Pregnant women
Asians

56
Q

What is associated with Staph aureus?

A

Cellulitis
Dairy products
Gold pigment
Endocarditis
Styes
Hordeolum (on eyelid)

57
Q

What is associated with strep pyogenes?

A

LINES
ASO
Hyalurinic acid capsule

58
Q

What is associated with staph epidermidis?

A

Central lines
VP shunts
White pigment

59
Q

What is associated with propionibacterium acne?

A

Acne
Progesterone => propionic acid

60
Q

What is associated with pasteurella multocida?

A

Cat/dog saliva => cellulitis w/ lymphadenitis

61
Q

What is associated with staph saprophyticus?

A

Female UTIs - post-coital
Honeymoon cystitis

62
Q

What is associated with Haemophilus aegyptus?

A

Swollen eyeball w/ pus

63
Q

What is associated with Francisella tularensis?

A

Ulcers at rabbit or deer tick bite site

(Tx: streptomycin)

64
Q

What is associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A

Otitis externa
Ichthyma granulosum
Loves rubber
Whirlpool folliculitis
ADP ribosylates EF-2

65
Q

What is associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae?

A

Otitis media
Red bulging tympanic membrane

66
Q

What is associated with Fusobacterium?

A

Painful mouth ulcers
Gum pus
Vincent’s angina

67
Q

What is associated with strep mutans?

A

Dental cavities

68
Q

What is associated with strep viridans?

A

Subacute bacterial endocarditis
Green pigment

69
Q

What is associated with Strep salivarius?

A

Cold agglutinin test

70
Q

What is associated with Strep pyogenes?

A

Rheumatic fever
Strain 12

=> PSGN

71
Q

What is associated with Group C strep?

A

Pharyngitis

72
Q

What is associated with Corynebacterium diphtheriae?

A

Chinese letters
Gray pseudomembrane
Suffocations
ADP ribosylates EF2
Heart block
Elek test

73
Q

What is associated with Strep pneumoniae?

A

Gram pos diplococci
Rusty sputum
IgA protease
Vaccine covers 23 strains

74
Q

What is associated with H influenzae?

A

Gram neg pleomorphic rod
Factor V
Factor X
5C-ribose capsule

B-type:
- meningitis
- epiglottitis
- sepsis

75
Q

What is associated with N catarrhalis?

A

Loves mucus
-> attacks respiratory tract

76
Q

What is associated with Chlamydia psittaci?

A

Parakeets
Parrots

77
Q

What is associated with Chlamydia pneumoniae?

A

Staccato coughing
Elementary and reticulate bodies

78
Q

What is associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae?

A

Bullous myringitis
Ground-class CXR
P1 protein
Erythema multiforme

79
Q

What is associated with Legionella pneumoniae?

A

AC ducts
Silver stains lung
CYEA
Pontiac fever
Legionnaire’s pneumonia

80
Q

What is associated with Pneumocystis carinii (jirovecii) pneumonia?

A

AIDS/preemies
Rusty sputum
Silver stains lung
Elev LDH

(Tx: steroids)

81
Q

What is associated with Clostridium botulinum?

A

Canned food
Honey
Inhibits ACh release
Respiratory failure
Stool toxin

(Tx: penicillin)

82
Q

What is associated with Clostridium tetani?

A

Rusty nail wounds
Inhibits Gly release
Respiratory failure
Risus sardonicus
Tennis racquet shape

83
Q

What is associated with Bordetella pertussis?

A

Whooping cough
ADP ribosylates Gi

84
Q

What is associated with Bacillus anthracis?

A

Black eschar
Woolsorter’s lung disease
D-Glu
Boxcar-like spore

(Tx: ciprofloxacin)

85
Q

What is associated with H pylori?

A

Duodenal ulcers

86
Q

What is associated with Salmonella?

A

Raw chicken and eggs
Turtles
Rose-typhoid spots
H2S
Sickle cell osteomyelitis

87
Q

What is associated with Campylobacter jejuni?

A

Raw chicken and eggs
Very bloody diarrhea
Inactivated by gastric juice
Guillain-Barre
Seagull shape

88
Q

What is associated with Clostridium perfringens?

A

Holiday ham and turkey
DM gas gangrene
Soil/feces

89
Q

What is associated with Bacillus cereus?

A

Fried rice
Preformed toxin

90
Q

What is associated with Listeria monocytogenes?

A

Raw cabbage
Hot dogs
Spoiled milk
Migrant workers => heart block
Meningitis
Abortions

91
Q

What is associated with Vibrio parahemolyticus?

92
Q

What is associated with Actinomyces?

A

Face fistulas
Sulfur granules

93
Q

What is associated with Vibrio vulnificus?

A

Raw oysters
Cellulitis in swimmer’s cuts

94
Q

What is associated with Shigella?

A

Day care outbreaks => seizures
Destroys 60S ribosome
Infects M cells

95
Q

What is associated with Vibrio cholera?

A

Rice water diarrhea
ADP ribosylates Gs

96
Q

What is associated with Clostridium difficile?

A

Explosive diarrhea => pseudomembranous colitis

97
Q

What is associated with Yersinia enterolitica?

A

Presents like appendicitis + Reiter’s
Bloody diarrhea

98
Q

What is associated with Strep bovis?

A

Colon cancer

99
Q

What is associated with Clostridium melanagosepticus?

A

Colon cancer
Black pigment

100
Q

What is associated with ETEC?

A

Traveler’s diarrhea
=> rice-water diarrhea

101
Q

What is associated with EHEC?

A

Hemorrhagic
=> renal failure

(Non-inflammatory => no leukocytes in stool)

102
Q

What is associated with EIEC?

A

Inflammatory
=> loose stool

103
Q

What is associated with EPEC?

A

Pathogenic
=> newborn diarrhea

104
Q

What is associated with E. coli?

A

Raw hamburger
ADP ribosylates Gs
Verotoxin
HUS

105
Q

What is associated with Proteus mirabilis?

A

Staghorn calculus
UTI

(Tx: Norfloxacin)

106
Q

What is associated with Klebsiella pneumonia?

A

Alcoholics
Currant jelly sputum
UTI
Lung fissures
Homeless people

107
Q

What is associated with Staph saprophyticus?

A

Young and college girls’ UTIs

108
Q

What is associated with Enterococcus?

A

UTI
Infective endocarditis post-GI/GU procedure
Nitrate-negative UTI

109
Q

What is associated with N meningitides?

A

DIC
Pili
Releases toxin in log phase

110
Q

What is associated with Brucella?

A

Farmers/vets
Spiking fever 5x/day
Animal placentas

111
Q

What is associated with R rickettsii?

A

Ticks
=> Rocky Mountain spotted fever

112
Q

What is associated with Rickettsia akari?

A

Mites
=> fleshy papules

113
Q

What is associated with Rickettsia typhi?

A

Fleas
Rash starts in axilla

114
Q

What is associated with Rickettsia prowazekii?

A

Lice
Rash starts on body

115
Q

What is associated with Rickettsia tsutsugamushi?

A

Mites
=> scrub typhus

(Rash similar to R. typhi)

116
Q

What is associated with Coxiella burnetti?

A

Dusty barn
=> Q fever

(This is another form of Rickettsia)

117
Q

What is associated with Yersinia pestis?

A

Rats, fleas
=> Bubonic plague

118
Q

What is associated with Bartonella henselae?

A

Cat scratch
=> single painful lymph node

Seen using silver stains

119
Q

What is associated with Bacteroides fragilis?

A

Post-op bowel abscess
Grows in blood clots

120
Q

What is associated with Chlamydia trachomatis?

A

Neonatal inturned eyelashes/cornea ulcers

121
Q

What is associated with Neisseria gonorrhea?

A

Pili
Urethritis
Tenovitis
Septic arthritis

PP Clues (27 decks)

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